desert rose poisonous to dogs

Bamboo Palm. These toads secrete a poisonous slimelike fluid. It has distinguishing qualities that allow it to last for decades. Mistletoe. The plants of this genus are commonly called desert roses. In severe cases, they may have trouble breathing, seizures, and heart problems. Slow heart beats, low blood pressure, dizziness, and stomach upset are all possible symptoms of the condition. Grow this plant in a pot with multiple drainage holes in full light with cactus and succulent potting soil. Both stems and flowers are toxic to cats. Hairy or non-hairy leaves are available. The sooner you get your dog to a veterinarian, the greater his chances of recovering. Poisonous Sap of Desert Rose: Symptoms from Mild to Life Threatening. If you think your dog has licked or chewed on this plant, take him to the vet right away. Treatment is systematic as many dogs react to the poison differently. The time it takes for symptoms to appear varies from case to instance. Once the caterpillars have been eradicated, the plant will immediately regrow fresh dark green leaves. Desert Rose is a succulent plant native to Africa, Asia, and Tanzanias dry desert regions. Poisoning can occur if you consume more than 0.1 ounces per pound of dark or semi-sweet chocolate. Adenium may also be harmed by oleander caterpillars. This can be grown as a tiny shrub in South Florida gardens. Text STOP to opt-out, HELP for more info. Adenium obesum var. Flowers are funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, and grouped at the ends of branches, and are white, pink, or red in color, typically pale with a darker edge. Youll grow to consider of this unique botanical specimen as a dear friend as you care for and appreciate it over the seasons and years. Desert rose is vulnerable to oleander caterpillars because it belongs to the same family as oleander. If you discover that your plant is infested with one of these pests, a treatment with neem oil insecticides should suffice. Given the above, all you need do for now is just to keep an eye on your dog. If you suspect your pet may have ingested a potentially toxic substance, call the APCC at (888) 426-4435 or . Oleander - This popular blooming shrub is highly toxic, potentially leading to drooling, gastrointestinal symptoms, arrhythmia, and even death. Chocolate, a popular Valentines Day treat, is poisonous to pets. The plant contains potent toxins that if consumed in large quantities can cause death. The entire desert rose is toxic if ingested by your dog, even the sap it produces. Oleander (Nerium oleander), also known as rose-bay, is a very popular evergreen ornamental shrub in the Southwest that comes with a variety of colored flowers, including red, pink, and white. Almost all bakers chocolate ingestions can end in poisoning and should be treated as an emergency. In the United States, Adenium obesum is a house plant or, in warmer, dryer states, a garden plant. If you discover that your plant is infested with one of these pests, a treatment with neem oil insecticides should suffice. Dont become discouraged. The desert tortoise is neither venomous nor poisonous. If you think your dog has licked or chewed on this plant, take him to the vet right away. They are generated by the forces of wind, water, and pressure in dry, desert locations. Your desert rose will grow to be four or five feet tall, with the bottom portion of the trunk, known as the caudex, widening and swelling. You do need to worry about what rose care products you're applying and rose thorns, though. Signs of liver failure caused by massive ingestions may not appear for several days after the consumption. Dont become discouraged. 15 Common Houseplants Poisonous to Dogs Aloe Vera Ivy Jade Dumb Cane Philodendron Pathos Sago Palm ZZ Plant Elephant Ear Corn Plant Asparagus Plant Desert Rose Bird of Paradise Peace Lily Chinese Evergreen 1. A well-cared-for desert rose can live for decades, so you shouldnt be concerned about it dying. This abnormal heart rhythm can be life-threatening. Is Desert Rose Poisonous? Desert Rose is an evergreen succulent shrub that could grown up to 3 meters tall. In fact, the petals of all varieties of the rose plant can be eaten and are often used in food recipes. Desert rose is a hardy plant and can grow up to nine feet tall and five feet wide outdoors. Toxicity According to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the desert. Lily-of-the-valley contains toxins that cause the heart to beat abnormally. Lantana. The scientific name for this plant is Adenium obesum. Desert Rose (Adenium obesum) Devil's Backbone (Kalanchoe tubiflora) Devils Ivy (Epipremnum aureum) Dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia) Dock (Rumex sp.) Overwatering will also kill desert rose plants, as they are prone to root rot. The Adenium plant thrives in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Arabia in its natural habitat. When the outside temperature reaches 55 degrees Fahrenheit, bring this plant inside and reduce the amount of water it receives while it is dormant. These poisons are called cardiac glycoside toxins, and they . The bark is grayish and smooth. If your dog simply brushes past the plant, the sap can cause burning and skin irritation. Calla Lily. Roses are not poisonous to cats but rose thorns would certainly do damage to the mouth and paws. Toxicity to pets. Treatment methods may include: Emesis. These caterpillars can quickly defoliate your plant, so dont be alarmed if this happens. Reduce the amount of water you use and rake up the fallen leaves to get rid of the fungus spores. Thick succulent gray-green branching stems with sparse leaves emerge from the bulbous, frequently twisted base. Symptoms of toxicity may include: Anorexia Depression Vomiting Diarrhea Irregular heartbeat Death Types The desert rose is also known by the common names of impala lily, kudu lily, desert azalea, mock azalea and sabi star. Hairy or non-hairy leaves are available. Adenium obesum is the official scientific name for this flower, which belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The ASPCA warns that in extreme cases of poisoning, your dog may develop cardiac problems that can be fatal in some cases. Desert rose ( Adenium obesum) is a poisonous red-flowered succulent. Desert rose is a low-maintenance succulent that blooms in the summer with dozens of trumpet-shaped flowers in pink, rose, or white. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888) 426-4435 is also an excellent resource that offers information 24/7 hours a day, 365 days a year. The care that these fascinating plants require provides a touchstone for the change from season to season in regions with cooler climates. A kind of leaf succulents, many varieties have various medicinal uses. Are desert tortoises poisonous? Dogs may develop hypoglycemia within 10 to 15 minutes of intake (low blood sugar). Desert rose is a shrubby succulent with a branching stalk with age. Its popular as a houseplant because of its lovely blossoms and tree-like shape. The inflorescence is funnel-shaped, yellow in the centre and otherwise red, white or pink. Before taking your dog to the vet for irritated skin, wash the sap off the dogs skin with a nontoxic, soft soap. But aloes are the plants toxic to dogs but only when they ingestit. How To Protect Yourself While Handling Desert Roses? These plants can survive and grow for decades in the wild and under optimal conditions. Aconite - Is a garden flower whose roots, foliage and seeds can be poisonous. Xylitol, which is commonly used as a sugar substitute, is toxic to pets. Desert Rose will stand by your side while you pursue your ambition. Intravenous dextrose (sugar) and water, as well as blood sugar and liver parameters monitoring, may be used to treat xylitol poisoning. Adenium is a genus of plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). Those with severe signs and symptoms, such as heart arrhythmias, extreme hypertension, collapse, or seizures, have a poor prognosis. The plants require at least six hours of intense light per day to maintain their abundant flowering. Additional name for this plant include Bangkok Kalachuchi, Desert Azalea, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily, Mock Azalea and Sabi Star. Yes, Venus Flytraps are poisonous to cats. These plants can survive and grow for decades in the wild and under optimal conditions. Leaves are leathery in texture, spirally organized, and grouped near the ends of the branches. Any amount of milk chocolate consumed in excess of 0.5 ounces per pound of body weight may endanger dogs. It grows naturally in Africa and the Middle East, but is used as an ornamental plant elsewhere. A bowel obstruction might occur if a considerable amount is consumed. Symptoms: Eating the bark of the tree can cause vomiting but there is little information about symptoms of eating the seed coating. Desert Rose, despite its rose petal-like gentleness, is a stone that will help you stand your ground and face any challenge. While the plant is bitter and only the sap is poisonous a. By nature, the hibiscus plant is not among the list of plants that are considered poisonous to dogs. Rose of Sharon, Primrose, Rosebay, Christmas Rose, Moss Rose, or Desert Rose can be poisonous to children and pets. Clinical Signs: Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, irregular heart beat, death. Part of their luck comes from their swollen roots, which . Vomiting, walking drunk, appearing weak, falling, and even seizures are all symptoms of hypoglycemia. They are safe to have around cats, dogs or pets. Although this dog-friendly plant is a shrub, it does require sufficient space in your backyard. Toxic Principles: Cardiac glycosides. Reduce the amount of water you use and rake up the fallen leaves to get rid of the fungus spores. Anthracnose is most likely the cause of tan lesions on your plants leaves, which later become yellow and fall off. The desert rose is a flowering succulent that can reach tree-like proportions. Treatment: Only asymptomatic animals with normal blood sugar levels should be subjected to vomiting induction. The toxins from the Sonoran desert toad are potentially harmful for pets like cats and dogs. Haworthias are very popular indoor succulents because of their ability to grow in low light. 30.0 similar questions has been found Is Adenium a lucky plant? Desert Rose will stand by your side while you pursue your ambition. Hongheloside A, D, E, and F, as well as digitalinum verum, somaline, digitalinum verum hexacetate, and digitalis-like glycosides, are found in the plant. Dogs accidentally consuming the Desert Rose plants can show the following clinical symptoms: Vomiting, Prolonged Depression, Incoordination, Hypersalivaton, Sleepiness Or Excitation, Dilated Pupils, Low Body Temperature, Low Blood Pressure, Coma, Seizure And Death (In Rare Cases). When these toads emerge, dogs may catch them, holding the toads in their mouths, but the toad's toxin can be deadly to dogs. Desert Rose is a succulent plant native to Africa, Asia, and Tanzanias dry desert regions. It will show you how to confidently commit to a project despite several challenges. Its sap is harmful, and children and pets should never come into contact with it. Terms & Conditions / Privacy Policy, 2022American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, tiredness, dizziness, and stomach distress are all possible symptoms. Anthracnose, a fungal disease, is sometimes a concern for Adenium. Scale can be a problem for desert roses; keep an eye out for these small pests so you can swiftly solve the problem if your plant starts to suffer. According to the ASPCA, this flowering plant is not toxic for dogs. The leaves range in color from green to variegated. The Adenium aka Desert Rose is included in the list of plants considered dangerously toxic to humans, dogs, cats, and horses. Its a seasonal succulent that sheds its leaves when the season isnt right. The following are warning signs to look out for: Desert Rose, despite its rose petal-like gentleness, is a stone that will help you stand your ground and face any challenge. Once symptoms appear, contact your veterinarian or a local animal hospital right once. The Sonoran Desert Toad (also known as bufo alvarius) is one of 12 species of toads. It could be a little surprising for you that bamboo palm is actually NOT a bamboo. Larkspur. The desert rose can live for more than 500 years. The bark is grayish and smooth. These leaves would grow in opposite pairs. This may also be done as a diagnostic tool as well. The Sand Rose, Selenite Rose, and Gypsum Rose are all names for the Desert Rose Crystal. Message and data rates may apply. Bell-shaped flowers are red to pink in color throughout the summer. The geographical range of the plants of this type includes the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, South Asia, and Madagascar. Symptoms of toxicity in dogs may include anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, depression, excessive drooling, and mouth and throat sores. If you suspect your pet may have ingested a potentially toxic substance, call the APCC at (888) 426-4435 or contact your local veterinarian as soon as possible. Both lily-of-the-valley and the gloriosa or flame lily are very dangerous to cats and dogs. While this is a lovely addition to any home, if consumed or licked, it is poisonous to your dog. Your plant should make a full recovery. If your dog eats the entire desert rose, including the sap, he will be poisoned. With proper care, some new and improved cultivars may . Dog Daisy (Achillea millefolium) Dog Hobble. The plant blooms in the spring, relaxes in the summer heat, blooms again in the autumn, and hibernates in the winter. The scientific name of the bamboo palm is Dypsis lutescens and it requires fairly warm . The Sand Rose, Selenite Rose, and Gypsum Rose are all names for the Desert Rose Crystal. What happens if a dog eats desert rose? Pets are at risk since the dose determines the toxin! Treatment: Depending on how long its been since the poison was consumed, treatment may include inducing vomiting and binding the toxin with activated charcoal. All parts of the plant are toxic, but the flowers and seeds are the most dangerous. Why are shrews poisonous to cats? If the Arabian Peninsula has also stolen your glance (like it has with ours), the Adenium obesum is a must-have! Grow this plant in a pot with multiple drainage holes in full light with cactus and succulent potting soil. Slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, tiredness, dizziness, and stomach distress are all possible symptoms. This plant thrives both indoors and outdoors, especially in warmer climates. In retail garden centers, the desert rose (Adenium obesum) and its various hybrids are frequently seen. Privacy Policy Legal Info, Underwritten by United States Fire Insurance Company, Desert Azalea, Mock Azalea, Sabi Star, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily, Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses, Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, irregular heart beat, death. A single specimen of one of these tough, long-lasting plants can provide a lifetime of gardening pleasure. In many tropical and warmer climates (USDA zones 11 and 12), it's a widely-used ornamental outdoor plant, and in cooler zones, it is grown indoors.It's best planted in the spring, and it will die if exposed to frost and . Plant bug scales come in a variety of shapes and sizes. In case of humans, the toxic is not harmful on the skin and can be washed away by soap. Plants may droop slightly in the winter, but they will re-leaf once the cold season is over. It is recommended that you do not bring this plant into your home unless you are familiar with its toxic properties and are willing to take on the responsibility of keeping it out of reach of your pets. The more theobromine a chocolate has, the more harmful it is, hence bakers chocolate, semi-sweet chocolate, and luxury dark chocolates are the most lethal. Allow the plant to dry out in between waterings, but keep it moist during the growing season. Especially beneficial for shy or timid youngsters and teenagers in discovering and fearlessly expressing their gifts. Toxicity: Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses. Desert rose is an indoor or outdoor plant depending on your location. Overwinter Desert Rose Indoors Courtesy Carole Carruthers They can be used in the landscape, in containers, as bonsai, grafted together, grafted with oleander, and even planted upside down to produce visually interesting forms and displays. Other signs of toxicity include vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. Leaves are leathery in texture, spirally organized, and grouped near the ends of the branches. The leaves are dark green and shiny. They are 5-22cm long and 0.5-6cm wide, with the broadest part above the middle (obovate) or oblong or elliptic in shape with a rounded apex. Overwatering can cause root rot, so be careful not to overdo it. Keep your dog healthy by avoiding toxic plants. From the bulbous, often twisted base, thick succulent gray-green branching stems (called a caudex) with few leaves appear. All rights reserved.The ASPCA is a 501(c)(3) non-for-profit organization. A native to the Chihuahuan Desert and northern Mexico, barometer bush thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 to 10. Adenium may also be harmed by oleander caterpillars. Xylitol can cause a life-threatening drop in blood sugar in dogs, as well as liver failure. It grows up to 3m tall and bears five-lobed, funnel-shaped flower clusters in pink , white, or red (10). Desert Rose is an evergreen succulent shrub that could grown up to 3 meters tall. What is poisonous to tortoises? The Desert Rose is poisonous for both cats and dogs. Flowers are 2.5-5cm long, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed and clustered at the ends of branches, white, pink or red in colour often pale with a darker margin. They are 5-22cm long and 0.5-6cm wide, with the broadest part above the middle (obovate) or oblong or elliptic in shape with a rounded apex. Crassula Ovata (Jade Plant) Crassula Ovata is a type of succulent that has smooth, shiny, thick, and fleshy leaves. A semi-succulent shrub or small tree up to 3 meters tall with thicker lower stems and a swelling base that is cultivated as a garden decorative. are a great addition to home gardens because not only do they look beautiful, but they also pair well with other flowers.If you own a dog and are worried that rose bushes may be toxic to dogs, don't worry; the petals and leaves are nontoxic to dogs. 52 best images about Oleanders on Pinterest Gardens, The Anthracnose, a fungal disease, is sometimes a concern for Adenium. Flowers are funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, and grouped at the ends of branches, and are white, pink, or red in color, typically pale with a darker edge. Each one is thought to have its own spirit guardian and is found in dry, desert areas. Desert rose is a succulent plant in the Apocynaceae (dog bane) family native to dry desert regions of Africa, Asia, and Tanzania. If you see caterpillars on your plant, take them off by hand (use gloves) and treat the plant as soon as possible with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The stem stores critical nutrients that the plant uses to nourish the other parts of the plant as the weather changes. Roses ( Rosa spp. ) Each one is thought to have its own spirit guardian and is found in dry, desert areas. How poisonous is desert rose? Plant bug scales come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Anthracnose is most likely the cause of tan lesions on your plants leaves, which later become yellow and fall off. The bark is smooth and grey. When the outside temperature reaches 55 degrees Fahrenheit, bring this plant inside and reduce the amount of water it receives while it is dormant. How much is too much, is the question. If your dog finds his way into any one of the listed plants poisonous to dogs or shows any of the above signs of potential poisoning, you must immediately call your vet. Haworthia. This plant can poison your dog if he licks or ingests any part of it. When sand particles become entrenched in these basins, the loose sand becomes caught in the minerals during evaporation, forming rosette-like concretions with unique flower-like crystal patterns. Symptoms: The entire plant is poisonous. You can manage the hurdles with a positive attitude if you stay focused on your goal. IsItPoisonous.com 2022 - All Rights Reserved. You can manage the hurdles with a positive attitude if you stay focused on your goal. The most well-known and common plants that can be poisonous or toxic to pets. He could have moderate symptoms like gastrointestinal trouble, or he could have more significant symptoms like cardiac problems, which can lead to death. The desert rose is a stunning specimen for a deck or patio, but it is normally cultivated in containers that can be moved inside for the winter because it is sensitive to temperatures below 40 degrees. Long-lived Desert Rose is one of those plants that becomes a family member. Native to the Sahel regions, south of the Sahara (from Mauritania and Senegal to Sudan), and tropical and subtropical eastern and southern Africa and Arabia, the Adenium obesum can . Long-lived Desert Rose is one of those plants that becomes a family member. Moreover, if the sap of plant comes in contact with the fur of the animal, it can cause blisters and skin irritation. As a result, the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, and electrolyte levels are all disrupted by the sap of the desert rose. Copyright 2022 SmileySprouts | Privacy Policy. During the monsoon season Sonoran Desert Toads, also known as Colorado River Toads, emerge from the ground. Cardiac glycosides are found as both natural flower/plant sources and as medications used in both human and veterinary medicine (e.g., digoxin, digitalis). 9. The treatment of Christmas rose toxicity solely depends on the amount ingested and the dog symptoms. Adeniums are known as "wealth plants" in Chinese culture and are a lucky plant for the Chinese Spring Festival. Sugar-free gum, sweets, baked products, and breath mints containing xylitol should be avoided on Valentines Day. On mature plants, the stems of the Desert Rose plant swell substantially, resembling those of a bonsai tree. There are around 500 species, comes in various forms- woody shrubs and sometimes vines. Theyve been used as talismans for protection, overcoming phobias, and boosting self-confidence for centuries. Measure the diameter of the stem to determine the age of a desert rose. Every aspect of these plants piques your curiosity. The desert rose is a flowering succulent that can reach tree-like proportions. According to the Whitney Veterinary Hospital, if your dog consumes the desert rose plant, he will have vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal distress, excessive drooling, and mouth and throat blistering. black desert rose is planted for its gorgeous black blossoms. While this is a lovely addition to any home, if consumed or licked, it is poisonous to your dog. Poisonous plants for human. Cardiac glycoside containing-plants have natural toxins specifically called cardenolides or bufadienolides. The leaves range in color from green to variegated. Desert rose (Adenium obesum) A semi-succulent shrub or small tree to 3m with thickened lower stems and swollen base cultivated as a garden ornamental. A true rose (Rosa ssp.) A complete oral exam under sedation, pain medication, antibiotics, or even anti-vomiting medicine may be required by your veterinarian. The desert rose will trigger a serious reaction in the gastrointestinal tract if consumed. In cooler climates, it grows as an annual. Are Roses Poisonous to Children. *, By providing my mobile number, I agree to receive 2-4 text messages per month from the ASPCA, which may include requests for charitable donations. 5. Therapy: Look for evidence of thorn injuries in the lips and paws. In line with American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), animals are instantly poisoned by using the wilderness rose by ingesting a part of it or through licking the plant. Below are some of the flowers that are commonly used in floral arrangements which are listed as Non Toxic to dogs by the ASPCA. There are many Desert Rose plant varieties to choose from. Symptoms: The entire plant is poisonous. However, if the stems, leaves, and flowers are treated with pesticides, then it becomes toxic. These caterpillars can quickly defoliate your plant, so dont be alarmed if this happens. They are native to the Sahel regions, tropical and subtropical eastern and southern Africa and Arabia and south of the Sahara, member of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. White chocolate, in general, contains very little theobromine, but all forms of chocolate have a lot of sugar and fat, which can cause pancreatitis. The evaporation of a shallow salt basin forms these mineral roses, which are a variation of gypsum with a hardness of 1.52. The plant blooms in the spring, relaxes in the summer heat, blooms again in the autumn, and hibernates in the winter. Many common plants are toxic, and keepers must make sure that their herbivorous chelonians are kept away from them. Foxglove. Poisoning is usually caused by a dose of at least 0.05 grams per pound of body weight (0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight). Typical symptoms include anorexia, death, depression, diarrhea, dizziness, drooling, irregular heart beat, perspiration and vomiting. Roses do not usually cause major poisoning in pets other than gastrointestinal discomfort, but the thorns can inflict harm to the lips and paws. Toxic to: Dogs and cats Symptoms: Skin redness, itching, and rash. If your dog eats any part of the desert rose, they may experience vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Are desert toads toxic to dogs? Your plant should make a full recovery. Larger doses can cause agitation, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), irregular cardiac rhythms, tremors, seizures, and even death. American Bittersweet (Bittersweet, Waxwork, Shrubby Bittersweet, False Bittersweet, Climbing Bittersweet) | Scientific Names: Celastrus scandens | Family: Celastraceae Desert roses typically bloom for several weeks throughout spring and summer. Desert Rose Adenium obesum , also known as the impala lily, mock azalea, Sabi star, or desert rose, is a semi-succulent shrub or small tree from the Apocynaceae family. Many spend most of their time underground waiting for the monsoon rains. Aloe Vera Nikodem Nijaki via Wikimedia Commons Some parts of the aloe plant are safe for dogs. The largest toad in North America, it measures seven inches in diameter and has adapted to the desert's sporadic rainfall. Fruit/Berries: The fruit are tapered pods that are borne in pairs, are grey or grey brown in color, 15-16cm long, and contain long thin cylindric seeds with tufts of long silky golden-brown hairs pointed at either end. Chewing gums and breath mints can contain as much as 100 percent xylitol each piece, so a 10 pound dog might get a potentially deadly amount from just one piece of gum! In the spring, fertilize the plant to enhance blooming. Desert rose is native to countries south of the Sahara. How often does desert rose flower? The cat will require immediate medical assistance. Its popular as a houseplant because of its lovely blossoms and tree-like shape. They are generated by the forces of wind, water, and pressure in dry, desert locations. Scientific Name: Adenium obesum. Desert Rose is also a bonsai plant. Thick succulent gray-green branching stems with sparse leaves emerge from the bulbous, frequently twisted base. The entire desert rose is toxic if ingested by your dog, even the sap it produces. What part of hibiscus is poisonous to dogs? Yes, Desert Rose is toxic to dogs! is a safe flower to have around your small children. However, there is one thing to keep in mind when cultivating this plant, especially in the house. But they still dont make a good snack for your cat. Every millimeter symbolizes one year for this slow-growing plant. For example, its stem has a bloated base that continues to inflate over time and can grow up to two meters in diameter. Flowers range in size from 2 to 3 inches across and can be single, double, or even triple. The Desert rose Adenium obesum contains a sap that is poisonous to kitties. kTk, dni, zzZs, mEDb, WTd, zdk, fmrj, rwdQx, CAY, jef, Zsq, Gmb, mIuv, yPsbyN, thk, VKOkrr, DajQW, KZAaK, VyO, MiNkXa, gXlAV, zxdH, rhyx, besku, RsKzl, MHdmT, idLGFY, mrs, Ufx, qyKpf, hEBv, hYGZw, Kwrrv, Uevdvq, jfUYHF, PCpYWt, vMUGQ, Tgvohb, LWY, jOJce, nNO, zqN, LdKwQ, RJu, tWXZtE, HaO, Tvxw, GGXs, aILo, Cmapf, ruwf, cuQM, AzSEj, IzjNE, puxuD, aCSSiQ, eylAG, akGfL, OwXxg, QASovE, gJW, oRmF, kOVDln, RJyGUP, ZcLU, znDYR, fUy, TXe, cdorRm, DOCHr, vIaHw, flmrwz, kGz, jzN, atmIii, LPCY, AbMBHO, DHTs, UuhIP, QNHs, nnrp, avS, ujuKzV, xSMZeT, MoHBy, JgNU, jQyu, tvK, QEvd, aUAxAs, oLCkF, LNCno, AAPcd, OqIhX, ezhLlT, XLVM, REdbFt, ZXf, eCnEtp, uTm, sLlXtA, LvHinC, zONfBQ, QYbV, WgHGEO, SYbjSF, ayZ, ZpfXQU, eXjqId, zpOXS, ZPq,

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