fulgencio batista death

On Election Day, estimates on the turnout range from 30 to 50% in the areas where voting took place, which did not include parts of Las Villas and Oriente, which were controlled by Castro. Age if still allive and other unique data for Fulgencio Batista. "[30] Batista's rule became increasingly unpopular among the population, and the Soviet Union began to secretly support Castro. fbq('track', 'ViewContent'); He left school and became a tailor's apprentice. In 1958, 45 organizations signed an open letter supporting July 26 Movement, among them national bodies representing lawyers, architects, dentists, accountants, and social workers. [45] When asked by the U.S. government to analyze Batista's Cuba, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. said, The corruption of the Government, the brutality of the police, the government's indifference to the needs of the people for education, medical care, housing, for social justice and economic justice is an open invitation to revolution. "[53] Relatedly, it is estimated that by the end of the 1950s the city of Havana had 270 brothels. Receives a warm reception, a crowd of thousands, upon arrival. On New Year's Eve 1958, Fulgencio Batista left Cuba before the break of dawn, with one hundred and eighty of his closest associates, having amassed a fortune of as much as to $300 million. Soon, it became apparent that he would lose: he was running a distant third to Roberto Agramonte of the Ortodoxo Party and Dr. Carlos Hevia of the Autntico party. Manuel Marquez-Sterling. He married Elisa Godinez Gomez de Batista (1900-1993) on July 10, 1926, and they had three children: Mirta Caridad (April 1927 - 2010), Elisa Aleida (born 1933), and Fulgencio Rubn Batista Godinez (1933-2007). Genealogy profile for Fulgencio Rubn Batista y Godnez. After Moncada, Castro went to jail, but not before publicly making his own trial about the illegal power grab. Explore the lives and legaciesof three African American ambassadorswho broke racial barriers to reach high-ranking appointments in the Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations and lefta lasting impact on the Foreign Service. He eventually broke with the student groups, including the Revolutionary Directorate (a student activist group) and they became his implacable enemies. Already divorced from Fidelito's mother, Mirta Diaz-Balart, Fidel arranged for his young son to visit him in exile . In the article it says 'Guadalamina' instead of 'Guadalmina' which is the correct way to write it. Fulgencio Batista Net Worth. At the same time, Batista sponsored massive construction projects -- the Havana-Varadero highway, the Rancho Boyeros airport, train lines, an underwater tunnel. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. RM 2B01C94 - Cuba: The Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista (16 January 1901 - 6 August 1973), Havana, March 1952. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. 8 (January 1, 2009): 24. Fulgencio Batista (Former President of Cuba) Fulgencio Batista y Zaldvar was the dictator of Cuba in the years leading up to the Cuban Revolution. Fulgencio Batista boarded a plane for Havana. Smith, former U.S. After the death of his mother in 1916, Batista ran away from home. Fulgencio began studying at the age of 10 at the Quaker school in Banes when it opened in September 1911. Cuba Politica. The story of the polio crusade pays tribute to a time when Americans banded together to conquer a terrible disease. Born: 16-Jan-1901 Birthplace: Banes, Cuba Died: 6-Aug-1973 Location of death: Marbella, Spain Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Cementerio Sacramental de San Isidro, Madrid, Spain Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: Multiracial Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Head of State Nationality: Cuba Executive summary: Overthrown by . The casino was an immediate success. Had he shared Cubas new wealth with his people, organized a return to democracy and improved conditions for the poorest Cubans, Castros revolution might never have taken hold. Corrections? [4]Batista initially rose to power after being under "peer . Fulgencio Batista, the son of the former Carmela Zaldivar Gonzales and Belisario Batista Palerma, a farm laborer, was born Jan, 16, 1901, in the town of Banes in Oriente province in eastern Cuba. It was preparing for the revolution in the early days that he made his first decisive act over his son. "Batista committed a huge strategic blunder," when the rebels returned, in the judgment of writer Norberto Fuentes. Place Of Birth: Oriente, Cuba. He was 73. . [82] However, Grau San Martn, as he had previously done in the 1954 elections, withdrew his candidacy within a few hours of the election day. [74][pageneeded], In April 1956, Batista called popular military leader Col. Ramn Barqun back to Cuba from his post as military attach to the United States. Very difficult. Everything happened within a few minutes.. Fulgencio Batista y Zaldvar was a Cuban President, dictator and military leader closely aligned with and supported by the United States. Administration spokesmen publicly praised Batistahailed him as a staunch ally and a good friendat a time when Batista was murdering thousands, destroying the last vestiges of freedom, and stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from the Cuban people, and we failed to press for free elections.[49]. Readfour divergent perspectives. His father did not want to register him as a Batista. [80] Soon after, the U.S. imposed an arms embargo, further weakening the government's position,[81] although land owners and others who benefited from the government continued to support Batista.[35]. He divorced his wife, Elisa, and married Marta Fernndez Batista in 1945. Age if still alive. For years they waged a guerrilla war against Batista. Although Castro was never officially nominated, he felt that Batista's coup had sidetracked what would have been a promising political career for him. Still, in comparison with fellow dictators such as the Somozas in Nicaragua, the Duvaliers in Haiti or evenAlberto Fujimoriof Peru, he was relatively benign. Monthly Review 60, no. Batista was born on January 16th 1901 in Oriente province in Cuba. We've updated our Privacy Policy, which will go in to effect on September 1, 2022. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. Batista was an inveterate philanderer who engaged in numerous extramarital affairs throughout his first marriage. Havana, Cuba. [9] Thus, in the view of Olson, "The U.S. government had no difficulty in dealing with him, even if he was a hopeless despot. Fulgencio Batista World Leader #115116 Most Popular Boost Birthday January 16, 1901 Birthplace Cuba DEATH DATE Aug 6, 1973 ( age 72 ) Birth Sign Capricorn About President of Cuba in the early 1940s and dictator of the same country in the 1950s, he was removed from power during the Cuban Revolution. He left eight children, and one of his grandchildren, Raoul Cantero, became a judge on the Florida Supreme Court. The Cuba Archive project (www.cubaarchive.org) has already begun the heavy lifting by . Ediciones Universales. 1960. government. fbq('init', '271837786641409'); Fulgencio Batista grabbed power twice in Cuba by military coup, and ruled the small nation from 1933 to 1944, then again from 1952 until he was overthrown in 1958. History and Impact, Requirements to Become President of the United States. Edit Search New Search Filters (1). "The Dictator from Cuba arrives. Feb 13, 1961 - Havana, Cuba - FIDEL ALEJANDRO CASTRO RUIZ (born August 13, 1926) has been the ruler of Cuba since 1959, when, leading the 26th of July Movement, he overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista. Also with Batista at his death were his wife, Marta; three other sons, Jorge, Fulgencio and Roberto; and a daughter, Marta Maria. P. 63 "Estimates of hundreds or perhaps about a thousand deaths due to Batista's terror are also supported by comments made by Fidel Castro and other Batista critics during the war itself. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup against President Carlos Pro Socarrs that pre-empted the election. Pronunciation of fulgencio batista with 5 audio pronunciations. [66][pageneeded] The opposition divided into abstentionists and electoralists. On taking power he founded the Progressive Action Party, but he never regained his former popular support, though the unions supported him until the end. He rose to the rank of sergeant and developed a large personal following. After his term ended in 1944, Batista traveled abroad and lived for a while in Florida, where he invested part of the huge sums he had acquired in Cuba. See the article in its original context from. Cuban Revolution: The rule of Fulgencio Batista, Cuba had many presidents in the following years, but they were usually made and unmade by, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fulgencio-Batista, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Fulgencio Batista, The History Learning Site - Biography of Fulgencio Batista, PBS - American Experience - Biography of Fulgencio Batista, Fulgencio Batista - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [10] As such, Batista's repressive government then began to systematically profit from the exploitation of Cuba's commercial interests, by negotiating lucrative relationships both with the American Mafia, who controlled the drug, gambling, and prostitution businesses in Havana, and with large U.S.-based multinational companies who were awarded lucrative contracts. Updated: November 1, 2011 . As the rebels in the mountains gained strength and influence, Batistas police and security forces turned increasingly to torture and murder in an effort to root out the rebellion. Date of Birth (local time): As new elections approached in 1952, Batista saw an opportunity to return to government, running for the presidency, alongside the Autnticos and the Ortodoxos, the party to which Fidel Castrobelonged. "Biography of Fulgencio Batista, Cuban President and Dictator." Prior to becoming a dictator, he had served as the democratically chosen president of the country. A mulatto of humble origins, he . Batista then became the strongman behind a succession of puppet presidents until he was elected president in 1940. The U.S. rejected the results of the elections and announced plans to withhold diplomatic recognition of the Rivero Agero government. "Biography of Fulgencio Batista, Cuban President and Dictator." His first wife and their children were astounded and devastated by the divorce. [32] The majority of the commissioned officer corps were forced to retire or, some speculate, were killed. n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; Fulgencio N Batista Fulgencio Batista (1950 - 1995) Jump . Later they were joined by the remains of the wife and mother, Martha Fernandez . He transferred back to the army as a corporal, becoming secretary to a regimental colonel. After he fled to Portugal, Batista lived in Madeira, then later in Estoril. Biography of Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban Revolutionary, What Is Guerrilla Warfare? Batista left Cuba to live in Daytona Beach, Florida. The country, lie said, was afflicted by graft and corrup tion and the people are sick on it and they have shown their desire for change in many ways.. And he was devoted to his family. Luciano secretly moved to Cuba, where he worked to resume control over American Mafia operations. [43][44], On March 10, 1952, three months before the elections, Batista, with army backing, staged a coup and seized power. He came from an impoverished background. Batista was corrupt, violent and out of touch with his people (or perhaps he simply didnt care about them). When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], These tactics ultimately failed to quell unrest and instead were the catalyst for more widespread resistance. He then worked in the sugar cane fields with his father. Princeton University FULGENCIO BATISTA OBITUARY BATISTA, FULGENCIO RUBEN, passed away on November 7, 2007 after a courageous and inspirational battle with leukemia. He was a military dictator backed by the United States. [78] Some of Batista's generals also criticized him in later years, saying that Batista's excessive interference in his generals' military plans to defeat the rebels hampered Army morale and rendered all operations ineffective. 121. years. [28] In September 1933, he held the rank of sergeant stenographer and as such acted as the secretary of a group of non-commissioned officers who led a "sergeants' conspiracy" for better conditions and improved prospects of promotion. The remaining voters abstained. [93][pageneeded] However, Batista became enamored with the much younger Marta Fernandez Miranda, who became his longtime mistress. Carlos Mrquez Sterling. On July 26, 1953, Castro and a handful of rebels attacked the army barracks at Moncada, igniting the Cuban Revolution. Minster, Christopher. In 1938, Batista ordered a new constitution and ran for president. [89], Historians and primary documents estimate between hundreds and 20,000 Cubans were killed under the Batista regime.[14][13][16][17][18][90][91]. Meanwhile, the American mafia made the business of the night and the game another empire in Cuba, called "the brothel of America," a subject on which valuable research has been published. During the eight years that he was out of power in Cuba, there was a resurgence of corruption on a grand scale, as well as a virtual breakdown of public services. ID: E0W2W4 (RM) My destiny, he asserted, is to carry out revolutions without bloodshed.. Before Fame Coalition Builder 's ability to keep labor in check, he brought the party into his government. [57] After World War II, Luciano was paroled from prison on the condition that he permanently return to Sicily. MARBELLA, Spain, Aug. 6 Fulgencio Batista, the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro overthrew in 1959, suffered heart attack and died early today at Guadalmina, a resort colony near Marbella, on the. He returned to Cuba in 1948 after winning election to the Senate and set about organiz ing his own partyUnitary Action. He was involved in business activities in Spain and was staying there in Guadalmina near Marbella at the time of his death from a heart attack on August 6, 1973. Batista, ExCuban Dictator, Dies in Spain, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/07/archives/batista-excuban-dictator-dies-in-spain-unending-exile-succession-of.html. According to Carlos Mrquez Sterling, all three were threatened by Castro, and several assassination attempts were made on both Ramn Grau San Martn and Carlos Mrquez Sterling. Definition, Tactics, and Examples, Elian Gonzalez, the Cuban Boy Who Became a Political Pawn, What Is Interventionism? By 1950 he was offering him self as a candidate for the Prfesidency in the 1952 elec tions. He also wrote several books and died on August 6, 1973, in Guadalmina, Spain. Yet our aid to his regime, and the ineptness of our policies, enabled Batista to invoke the name of the United States in support of his reign of terror. North Americans flocked to the island for relaxation and to stay at the famous hotels and casinos. In 1940, taking advantage of the P.S.P. They had three children: Mirta Caridad (1927-2010), Elisa Aleida (born 1933), and Fulgencio Rubn Batista Godnez (1933-2007). Browse 991 fulgencio batista stock photos and images available, or search for fidel castro to find more great stock photos and pictures. Batista took a huge cut of all casino takings and amassed millions. Updates? Death 7 Nov 2007 (aged 73) Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. The wealthy exiled president never returned to politics, even though he was still only in his 50s when he fled Cuba. The first time he was elected while on the second occasion he acted as a dictator, supported by the U.S. until he was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution. A major industry grew up around them; government officials received bribes, policemen collected protection money. Portrait of Cuban soldier and dictator Fulgencio Batista, Former President of Cuba, holding a newspaper outdoors. They had three children: Mirta Caridad (19272010), Elisa Aleida (born 1933), and Fulgencio Rubn Batista Godnez (19332007). Although there were late-night parties, drinking, and womanizing among the railway employees, Batista rarely attended and was instead remembered as a voracious reader. So, how much is Fulgencio Batista worth at the age of 72 years old? https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-fulgencio-batista-2136360 (accessed November 3, 2022). By 1928, he had acquired a reputation as the fastest stenographer in the army, the rank of sergeant first class (highest noncommissioned grade in the army) and an assignment as chief clerk and stenographer at Camp Colombia, near Havana. Faced with Batista's military ineptness and growing unpopularity, the United States began to seek an alternative to Batista and to Fidel Castro. Batista, himself of dubious whiteness, had several black soldiers in his personal escort, providing Afro-Cubans with a growing visibility within the army" (p. 134, emphasis added ). Ambitious and energetic, he studied at . Fulgencio Batista, Dictator, 1952-1958. . A systematic raid on the Treasury is in full swing with the result that Dr. Grau will probably find empty coffers when he takes office on October 10. [88] Already denied entry to the United States, Batista sought asylum in Mexico, which also refused him. (87 votes) Very easy. During a stay at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York in the late 1940s, it was mutually agreed that, in return for kickbacks, Batista would give Lansky and the Mafia control of Havana's racetracks and casinos. He began to undertake public works projects, established some rura hospitals and increased salaries for government, military and civilian workers. Batista 's revolution came as a complete surprise both in . Batista was a young sergeant in the army when the repressive government of General Gerardo Machado fell apart in 1933. Batista declared Rivero Agero the winner. Elections were scheduled for June 1958, as required by the Constitution, but were delayed until November 1958, when Castro and the revolutionaries called for a general strike and placed several bombs in civilian areas of the country. The 26th of July movement was joined by others inside Cuba who did their part to destabilize the nation: the Revolutionary Directorate, the student group that Batista had alienated years before, almost assassinated him in March of 1957. He established the Unitary Action Party and ran for president in 1952, assuming that most Cubans had missed him during his years away. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. . In March, 1952, three months before the elections, he staged his second coup, again seizing command of Camp Colombia The revolt took 77 minutes to accomplish its goals and cos the lives of two guards at the Presidential Palace. He was involved in business activities in Spain and was staying there in Guadalmina at the time of his death from a heart attack on August 6, 1973. Source . Stabil ity was restored to the suga industry, and the United State recognized the new regime an arranged for the abrogation on the Platt Amendment, which had permitted United States in tervention in Cuba. For more than a quarter of a century, until the first day of 1959, when he fled his native land into an unending exile, Fulgencio Batista y Zaldiver was the predominant figure in Cuban politics. "[52] As a result, the playwright Arthur Miller described Batista's Cuba in The Nation as "hopelessly corrupt, a Mafia playground, (and) a bordello for Americans and other foreigners. Well, here I am back again, General Batista told his people. When he was barred by the Cuban constitution from running for a second term in 1944,. As popular unrest in Cuba intensified, Batista's police proved adept at torturing and killing young men in the cities. For the next eight years, Batista remained in the background, spending time in the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City and a home in Daytona Beach, Florida. Fulgencio Batista, in full Fulgencio Batista y Zaldvar, (born January 16, 1901, Banes, Cubadied August 6, 1973, Marbella, Spain), soldier and political leader who twice ruled Cubafirst in 193344 with an efficient government and again in 195259 as a dictator, jailing his opponents, using terrorist methods, and making fortunes for himself and his associates. [31], Batista, supported by the Democratic Socialist Coalition which included Julio Antonio Mella's Communist Party, defeated Grau in the first presidential election under the new Cuban constitution in the 1940 election, and served a four-year term as President of Cuba, the first and to this day only, non-white Cuban in that office. President of Cuba in the early 1940s and dictator of the same country in the 1950s, he was removed from power during the Cuban Revolution. In 1944, Batista's handpicked successor, Carlos Saladrigas Zayas,[39] was defeated by Grau. Pluto (death) in 6th house of work, service and health. Fulgencio Batista 1941 to 1973 (Death) Feb 1, 1942. He maintained control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was elected president on a populist platform. Armonk and London: M.E. People Projects Discussions . Mini Bio (1) Fulgencio Batista y Zaldvar was born in the small town of Banes in Oriente Province, Cuba, on January 16, 1901. [87] She was buried with her husband and son in the Cementerio Sacramental de San Isidro in Madrid. "[36] During this term in office, Batista carried out major social reforms[34] and established numerous economic regulations and pro-union policies. Batista endorsed Lansky's idea over the objections of American expatriates such as Ernest Hemingway, and the renovated casino wing opened for business in 1955 with a show by Eartha Kitt. El proceso electoral de 1954. ]; born Rubn Zaldvar; January 16, 1901 - August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and as its U.S.-backed military dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. [75] However, Barqun's Conspiracin de los Puros (Conspiracy of the Pure) was already underway and had already progressed too far. 2005. Castro quickly condemned the attack, since July 26 Movement had not participated in it. May 18, 2017 Tijana Radeska Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista Zaldvar was twice the President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and again from 1952 to 1959. In 1940 he was elected president in a somewhat crooked election, and his party won a majority in Congress. And only slightly more expensive. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-fulgencio-batista-2136360. One day in 1973, one year before the Portuguese Carnation Revolution and two before Franco's death, Fulgencio Batista died in Marbella. ThoughtCo. Name at birth: Ruben Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar. s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', Batista asked if he could go to Daytona Beach, where he had a house. Fidel Castro, the Cuban dictator overthrown in 1959, suffered a heart attack while in office. Fulgencio Batista y Zaldvar (; Spanish: [fulxensjo atista i saldia]; born Rubn Zaldvar, January 16, 1901 - August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as its U.S.-backed military dictator from 1952 to 1959, when he was overthrown by the Cuban Revolution. In reality, Batista survived, and the students of the Federation of University Students (FEU) and the Directorio (DR) who led the attack were killed in the response by the military and police. On December 11, 1958, U.S. ambassador Earl Smith visited Batista at his lavish hacienda,Kuquines. He married Marta Fernndez Miranda (19232006) on November 28, 1945, shortly after his divorce became final, and they had five children: Jorge Luis (born 1942), Roberto Francisco (born 1947), Carlos Manuel (19501969), Fulgencio Jos (born 1953) and Marta Mara Batista Fernndez (born 1957). [21][22][23] His mother named him Rubn and gave him her last name, Zaldvar. Carmela's mother, Marina Estevez, had a romance with the married Cuban leader in 1934. While greatly enriching himself, he also governed the country most effectively, expanding the educational system, sponsoring a huge program of public works, and fostering the growth of the economy. Batista opened Havana to large scale gambling, announcing that his government would match, dollar for dollar, any hotel investment over $1 million, which would include a casino license. Fulgencio Batista y Zaldvar (Spanish: [fulxensjo atista i saldiar]; January 16, 1901 - August 6, 1973) was the Cuban President, dictator and military leader who served as the democratically elected leader of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution. While he'd been progressive in his first term, his second term was ruthless and oppressive. [86][87], As news of the fall of Batista's government spread through Havana, The New York Times described jubilant crowds pouring into the streets and automobile horns honking. n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! [61] Lansky was said to have personally contributed millions of dollars per year to Batista's Swiss bank accounts.[62]. However, his army was ineffective against the rebels based in the Sierra Maestra and Escambray Mountains. Relationship history. On January 8, 1959, Castro and his army rolled victoriously into Havana. For others he created a social climate in which such reforms as he offeredsocial security, workmen's compensation and rural schoolsproved in the end insufficient to persuade many of his people to shun the rebellion loosed in the underdeveloped countryside by an amnestied political prisoner named Fidel Castro. Alarcn, Ricardo. Therefore, he looted state funds less than other dictators did. During his term, Cuba formally entered World War II on the side of the Allies. [30] Another possible explanation for the failure to crush the rebellion was offered by author Carlos Alberto Montaner: "Batista does not finish Fidel out of greed His is a government of thieves. Fulgencio . In a three-way race, Roberto Agramonte of the Orthodox Party led in all the polls, followed by Carlos Hevia of the Authentic Party. Later he went into exile on the Portuguese island of Madeira and finally settled in Estoril, near Lisbon. The family was poor and the relationship between Fulgencio Batista and his father was not good, and so Fulgencio took it upon himself to raise, educate, and care for his younger brothers Juan (b. Batista eventually found political asylum in Oliveira Salazar's Portugal, where he first lived on the island of Madeira and then in Estoril. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. [81] The American ambassador to Cuba Earl Smith informed Agero that the United States would not give aid and support to his government. All Public Member Trees results for Fulgencio Batista. By late 1958 it was clear that the Cuban Revolution would win, andwhen Ch Guevaras column captured the city of Santa Clara,Batista decided it was time to go. [citation needed], The United States supplied Batista with planes, ships, tanks and the latest technology, such as napalm, which he used against the insurgency. He is . Batista, who had acquired the rank of colonel and the title Chief of Staff in the aftermath of the revolt, made one of his practical idealis' decisions and forced out Dr Grau and installed a conserva tive, Col. Carlos Mendieta. Death: 6 August 1973 (Cause: Heart Attack) Occupation: 9th and 12th President of Cuba. The medical breakthrough saved countless lives and had a pervasive impact on American philanthropy that continues to be felt today. [25] He left home at age 14, after the death of his mother. However, in March 1958, the U.S. announced it would stop selling arms to the Cuban government. Batista was not a member, but controlled Cuba's armed forces. (2021, February 16). In the years between 1933 and 1959, whether in or out of power, in or out of Cuba, he remained a pivotal force, elevating himself to power by coups, stagemanaging regimes ostensibly headed by others or plottingand carrying outa return to center stage. Despite the boycott, Grau received the support of 6.8% of those who voted. On April 4, 1952, a few days after the United States recognized his regime, he took the oath of office as President. 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