hecate physical traits

She was associated with witchcraft, necromancy, and poisons. [167], Goddess of boundaries, crossroads, witchcraft, the Moon, necromancy, and ghosts, Berg 1974, p. 128: Berg comments on Hecate's endorsement of Roman hegemony in her representation on the pediment at Lagina solemnising a pact between a warrior (Rome) and an. Hera The Queen of Olympus and wife to Zeus. The troubling parts are of course the animal sacrifices. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. She is clad in a short robe and ankle boots. [28], Hecate's cult became established in Athens about 430 B.C.E. Zorya The Slavic goddess of beauty and light took three forms corresponding to morning, evening, and midnight. The goddess had unusual rituals performed in her honour in the Greek religion, which include the offerings of food - given at crossroads, road junctions, and any other sort of boundary or threshold - known as 'the supper of Hecate'. She could not undo the curse, but she made the polecat her sacred servant. The son of Cronos did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods: but she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning, privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea.[116]. Berg, William, "Hecate: Greek or "Anatolian"? In Act 3, Scene 5, Hecate appears before the Witches and demands to know why she has been excluded from their meetings with Macbeth. Female monsters also often came in threes, as was the case with the Gorgons and Graea. As goddesses that straddled the boundary between this world and the afterlife, they were believed to be the keys to uncovering the secrets of what lay beyond that boundary. Hecate is the Goddess of Witches, also known as Gorgon Eyes, the Queen of Dogs, and Kali. As these stories were passed on, though, they often changed. Hecate, Hecat, or Hekate (pronunciation: H kh tai) is the most important goddess of magic. Hecate was known by a number of epithets: Hecate has been characterized as a pre-Olympian chthonic goddess. Hecate or Hekate[a] is a goddess in ancient Greek religion and mythology, most often shown holding a pair of torches, a key, snakes, or accompanied by dogs,[1] and in later periods depicted as three-formed or triple-bodied. It was said that she learned herbalism and spells from Hecate herself. Great honor comes full easily to him whose prayers the goddess receives favorably, and she bestows wealth upon him; for the power surely is with her. [99], Hecate's island ( ) also called Psamite (), was an islet in the vicinity of Delos. She occasionally has a black veil falling from her headband. Fairbanks, Arthur. Hecate, however, was not just a goddess shown in three parts. "Worker-from-afar." A mysterious divinity, who, according to the most common tradition, was a daughter of Persaeus or Perses and Asteria, whence she is called Perseis. In that place were also the mysteries of the Korybantes [Kabeiroi] and those of Hekate and the Zerinthian cave, where they sacrificed dogs. The boundaries she oversaw were not limited to the physical world, though. Some speculate that it represents the full moon, half moon, and new moon. While Hecate was described as a single goddess with three parts, the tripartite goddess in other instances was shown as three separate but intrinsically-linked beings. It was Alkamenes, in my opinion, who first made three images of Hecate attached to one another [in Athens].[88]. So in my view, it's done in more of a Harry Potter sense of magic. English translation used here from: William Wynn Wescott (tr. Circle for Hekate: volume 1. The cabin also has a slanted roof and high ceilings. Hades is Bitter, Depressed, Jealous, Envious. Rohde, i. A Handbook of Greek Religion. Not only could she move between the realms, but she had power to control the passage of others. Writings throughout the centuries have woven different tales about Hecate and her role as a goddess. Once, Hermes chased Hecate (or Persephone) with the aim to rape her; but the goddess snored or roared in anger, frightening him off so that he desisted, hence her earning the name "Brimo" ("angry"). Hades. 22. Images (3) Forum (0) [28], Variations in interpretations of Hecate's roles can be traced in classical Athens. Books The Orphic Mysteries said that Hestia was the daughter of Demeter instead. Will come to know his destiny: Your vessels and your spells provide, Your charms and every thing beside. [6], Hecate was one of several deities worshipped in ancient Athens as a protector of the oikos (household), alongside Zeus, Hestia, Hermes, and Apollo. [54] These include aconite (also called hecateis),[55] belladonna, dittany, and mandrake. The Moon was one of the celestial symbols of the Goddess. According to scientists, men specifically prefer a waist to hip ratio of 7:10. 647. The offerings to the goddess were made each month during the night of a new moon. Subsequently, Hecate became Persephone's companion on her yearly journey to and from the realms of Hades, serving as a psychopomp. She acted as a sort of guardian because she watched over the places that allowed passage into homes, cities, or even states. "[160], Shakespeare mentions Hecate both before the end of the 16th century (A Midsummer Night's Dream, 15941596), and just after, in Macbeth (1605): specifically, in the title character's "dagger" soliloquy: "Witchcraft celebrates pale Hecate's offerings"[161] It has been suggested that the idea of magic coming from Hecate was an evolution of the many gifts she was capable of bestowing upon her favorites. She has long, black claws, which she used to kill a stripper with and sharp teeth. When her city fell, the queen was taken captive and lept off a cliff to her death. Hades is a tall man with light blue hair, fair complexion, a five o'clock shadow, and blue eyes. Cartwright, Mark. [93], Hecate's most important sanctuary was Lagina, a theocratic city-state in which the goddess was served by eunuchs. The goddess, though, usually appears with human heads. [157] Such derivations are today proposed only by a minority[158][159] This can be compared to Pausanias' report that in the Ionian city of Colophon in Asia Minor a sacrifice of a black female puppy was made to Hecate as "the wayside goddess", and Plutarch's observation that in Boeotia dogs were killed in purificatory rites. Kos, Erythrai, Samothrace, Thessaly, and Miletos also worshipped the goddess, with the latter having a 6th-century BCE circular altar for sacrifices to be made in her honour (the earliest archaeological evidence of her worship). The Moirai crossed their arms and Eileithyia refused to help the laboring woman. So, then, albeit her mother's only child, she is honored amongst all the deathless gods. 19 K), Apollodorus, Melanthius, Hegesander, Chariclides (iii. In this image, this Hecate is accompanied by a pack of dogs. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Defining Traits Hecate is defined by her powerful magic, being at ease with the night and darkness and in wild surroundings. She was born into the world ruled by the Titans, but continued to be influential and powerful in the Olympian pantheon. 03 Nov 2022. She was also closely associated to the spiritual world, ghosts, and the dead. She is a crosser of boundaries and is repeatedly associated with "between" states. The uninscribed space at the bottom indicates that this part was the end. 4060 in. Phoenix, 24(4), 283295. Character Wiki. These typically depict her holding a variety of items, including torches, keys, serpents, and daggers. A good amount of their magical energy has been drained, removing their volatile nature. It is possible that the representation of a triple Hecate surrounding a central pillar was originally derived from poles set up at three-way crossroads with masks hung on them, facing in each road direction. Greece itself worshipped many trios of goddesses or goddesses with three forms that fit this archetype. Hecate wore a big white hat and a white cloak covering her body. Dogs, with puppies often mentioned, were offered to Hecate at crossroads, which were sacred to the goddess. Grandmother of the three cousins was Phoebe[117] the ancient Titan goddess whose name was often used for the moon goddess. As a goddess expected to avert harmful or destructive spirits from the house or city over which she stood guard and to protect the individual as she or he passed through dangerous liminal places, Hecate would naturally become known as a goddess who could also refuse to avert the demons, or even drive them on against unfortunate individuals. [28] Like Hermes, Hecate takes on the role of guardian not just of roads, but of all journeys, including the journey to the afterlife. She often appears as a three aspected goddess. HB, as the . Intrinsically ambivalent and polymorphous, she straddles conventional boundaries and eludes definition. The Greek word for mullet was trigle and later trigla. Antoninus Liberalis used a myth to explain this association: Aelian told a different story of a woman transformed into a polecat: Athenaeus of Naucratis, drawing on the etymological speculation of Apollodorus of Athens, notes that the red mullet is sacred to Hecate, "on account of the resemblance of their names; for that the goddess is trimorphos, of a triple form". [52] She is also sometimes associated with cypress, a tree symbolic of death and the underworld, and hence sacred to a number of chthonic deities. According to Hesiod, she held sway over many things: Whom she will she greatly aids and advances: she sits by worshipful kings in judgement, and in the assembly whom she will is distinguished among the people. Hecate is a goddess who is especially devoted to her worshippers, and can grant good favor to men. Home shrines often took the form of a small Hekataion, a shrine centred on a wood or stone carving of a triple Hecate facing in three directions on three sides of a central pillar. Web. Cite This Work [13][89] There was an area sacred to Hecate in the precincts of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, where the priests, megabyzi, officiated. [e], As Hecate Phosphorus (the 'star' Venus) she is said to have lit the sky during the Siege of PhilipII in 340BCE, revealing the attack to its inhabitants. She wears a blue dress, cape, and armbands on both wrists. [66] Nevertheless, the Homeric Hymn to Demeter shows Helios and Hecate informing Demeter of Persephone's abduction, a common theme found in many parts of the world where the Sun and the Moon are questioned concerning events that happen on earth based on their ability to witness everything[66] and implies Hecate's capacity as a moon goddess in the hymn. Such things they call charms, whether it is the matter of a spherical object, or a triangular one, or some other shape. Physical appearance Hecate has dark indigo hair with a lighter blue streak in it, pink skin, and wears a blue headdress. Often depicted carrying a torch to remind of her connection with the night, in sculpture she has three faces for her role as the goddess of boundaries and the guardian of crossroads. Over time, some of the Olympians changed form and function. Macbeth is a Scottish general and the thane of Glamis who is led to wicked thoughts by the prophecies of the three witches, especially after their prophecy that he will be made thane of Cawdor comes true. They believed that by praising the goddess, the restless dead would be soothed and not deliver vengeance on the family. Such triple goddesses were common in ancient religions. To the Greeks this meant not only the moment at which the soul crossed between those to states, but also to a literal place. She is often displayed holding two torches or a key. A competing theory says that Hecate did not develop in Greece at all. The Greeks, too, had many different theories about Hecates origins. Cartwright, M. (2017, June 22). Powers and Abilities [28], By the 1st century CE, Hecate's chthonic and nocturnal character had led to her transformation into a goddess heavily associated with witchcraft, witches, magic, and sorcery. In two fragments of Aeschylus she appears as a great goddess. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. (i. Cartwright, Mark. The Astraeus Cabin (Cabin 43) is the cabin that houses the children/legacies of Astraeus, Greek/Roman Titan/god of dusk, stars, and constellations. Her attendants draped wreathes of yew around the necks of black bulls which they slaughtered in her honor and yew boughs were burned on funeral pyres. Orion starseeds come from the Orion constellation. Some say that Hecate is the daughter of Erebus and Nyx, ageless Goddess of the night, while others believe that She is one of the Furies or the last surviving Titan except for Zeus. The conflicting origins of Hecate were only the beginning of what made this goddess so mysterious. This may indicate the goddess' relatively late arrival in Greece from Caria, although, she was considered a Greek goddess and not of foreign origin by the ancient Greeks themselves. Hecate (Hekate) is a goddess of Greek mythology capable of both good and evil. Hecate was represented as single-formed, clad in a long robe, holding burning torches; in later representations she was triple-formed, with three bodies standing back-to-back, probably so that she could look in all directions at once from the crossroads. "[155] This theory of the Roman origins of many European folk traditions related to Diana or Hecate was explicitly advanced at least as early as 1807[156] and is reflected[dubious discuss] in etymological claims by early modern lexicographers from the 17th to the 19th century, connecting hag, hexe "witch" to the name of Hecate. As a follower of her today I do not believe in harming of any animals. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Crowned with leafy branches as in later descriptions, she is depicted offering a "maternal blessing" to two maidens who embrace her. Moving between the barrier between life and death explains Hecates connection to both ghosts and necromancy. cult site in Lagina. She was often shown holding two torches, such as would be found beside gates, to allow her to illuminate both sides of a boundary. Eventually, this came to include the boundary between the natural and the supernatural, making her a goddess of magic. The dog connection may be the fact that dogs were known to eat the dead if left unburied; they also howl at the moon, of course. Hecate is often portrayed, in many Greek myths and stories, a beautiful young woman holding torches. They claim she originated in Caria, a region in southern Anatolia on the Mediterranean, and was adopted into the Greek pantheon. Please support World History Encyclopedia. It has been claimed that her association with dogs is "suggestive of her connection with birth, for the dog was sacred to Eileithyia, Genetyllis, and other birth goddesses. [83], Dogs were sacred to Hecate and associated with roads, domestic spaces, purification, and spirits of the dead. When Philip of Macedon was about to attack the city, according to the legend she alerted the townspeople with her ever present torches, and with her pack of dogs, which served as her constant companions. Other writers claim her as the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, Aristaion or Night. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. She was associated with witchcraft, magic, the Moon, doorways, and creatures of the night like hell-hounds and ghosts. Hestia is the Greek virgin goddess of the hearth, the family, the home, the state and domesticity, who is also associated with cooking, virginity as well as sacred and sacrificial fire. Her blessings arise in the form of good harvest in the fields and bounty from the sea, and she represents the essential link between the human and divine worlds that exists throughout the poem. Historian Robert Graves notes that the heads could be distinctive of a dog, lion and horse, representing the constellations which cover the calendar year. In the 1st century CE, Virgil described the entrance to hell as "Hecate's Grove", though he says that Hecate is equally "powerful in Heaven and Hell." As the worship of Artemis evolved over time, the Greeks began to focus more on her purity and positive aspects. Artemis would have, at that point, become more strongly associated with purity and maidenhood, on the one hand, while her originally darker attributes like her association with magic, the souls of the dead, and the night would have continued to be worshipped separately under her title Hecate. [117], Hesiod's inclusion and praise of Hecate in the Theogony has been troublesome for scholars, in that he seems to hold her in high regard, while the testimony of other writers, and surviving evidence, suggests that this may have been the exception. As a cthonic goddess of the underworld, her rituals and rites were often associated with death and secrecy. It is believed that Hecate represented witchcraft, magic and ghosts. There is a belief, therefore, that the three goddesses may be aspects of a singular, earlier deity. On each end of the hat is a strip of the same white cloth, each attached to a large red sphere with three thin strips of gold at the bottom. The Moirai, or Fates, were one such trio of goddesses. For even now, whenever any human on the earth seeks propitiation by performing fine sacrifices according to custom, he invokes Hecate; and much honor very easily stays with that man whose prayers the goddess accepts with gladness, and she bestows happiness upon him. [48], Hecate was closely associated with plant lore and the concoction of medicines and poisons. For to this day, whenever any one of men on earth offers rich sacrifices and prays for favor according to custom, he calls upon Hecate. Meet me i' the morning: thither he. [36], Although in later times Hecate's dog came to be thought of as a manifestation of restless souls or daemons who accompanied her, its docile appearance and its accompaniment of a Hecate who looks completely friendly in many pieces of ancient art suggests that its original signification was positive and thus likelier to have arisen from the dog's connection with birth than the dog's underworld associations. (649). I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. [90] This sanctuary was called Hecatesion (Shrine of Hecate). When they heard this the Moirai uncrossed their arms, releasing the bonds that kept the infant Heracles from the earth. Even in her origin, Hecate moved between two places. Whether or not Hecate's worship originated in Greece, some scholars have suggested that the name derives from a Greek root, and several potential source words have been identified. Macbeth is a brave soldier and a powerful man, but he is not a virtuous one. Seeing her friend in pain, Galinthias tricked the Moirai into thinking the child had been born despite their interference. Children of Hecate have to have extreme control over their mental and physical forms to perform magic. Hesiod, for example, seemed to hold in in high regard and makes no mention of this darker association. It is believed that Hecate represented witchcraft, magic and ghosts. Symbols of Hecate are her place, the crossroads, two torches, and black dogs. Like Hermes, who was also a deity of liminal spaces, statues of Hecate were often placed at crossroads and borders. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Hecate was the daughter of Perses and "gold-wreathed" Astra (the starry night), and her sway extended over earth, heaven, and hell, for which reason she is represented in works of art as a triple divinity, having three female bodies, all young and beautiful, and united together. When Pluto granted Marie . [13] Another Greek word suggested as the origin of the name Hecate is Hekatos, an obscure epithet of Apollo[10] interpreted as "the far reaching one" or "the far-darter". While spinning them, they call out unintelligible or beast-like sounds, laughing and flailing at the air. [98] According to Hesychius of Miletus there was once a statue of Hecate at the site of the Hippodrome in Constantinople. He is the one character in Lore Olympus that treats Persephone with respect and sees her as an . Hecate is the only third generation Titaness and the Titan Goddess of witchcraft, necromancy, ghosts, crossroads (choices), magic and the Moon in Greek Mythology. The historian Robert Graves notes that the heads could be of a dog, lion, and horse, which represented the constellations which cover the calendar year. 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