can be used for the correction of HO2 concentrations (Fuchs et al.,2011; Lu et al.,2012, 2013). Lett., 725, 102108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.002, 2019., Fittschen, C., Al Ajami, M., Batut, S., Ferracci, V., Archer-Nicholls, S., Archibald, A. T., and Schoemaecker, C.: ROOOH: a missing piece of the puzzle for OH measurements in low-NO environments?, Atmos. The large unconstrained OVOC reactivity indicated it is The OH radicals are excited The ambitious goal foresees a linkage of the nine cities in Guangdong province's Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macau into an economically integrated world-class business hub. tropospheric O3 is only generated in the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide However, due to a parsimonious and semi-isolationist U.S. Congress, these consulates frequently remained unoccupied. was recognized in the 1970s (Levy, 1971; Hofzumahaus et al.,2009). observed kOH and modeled kOH within the uncertainties was achieved, and thus the model can be believed to reproduce the observed kOH values within the whole campaign. bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of Yi with X. AOC includes Richard L. Williams was appointed the first Consul General in China since 1949. Inside, youll discover an architectural masterpiece including a sky-lit atrium, seven stylish restaurants and lounges including Michelin-starred Yu Yue Heen, and a cloud-level infinity pool. Huang, X.-F., Sun, T.-L., Zeng, L.-W., Yu, G.-H., and Luan, S.-J. The Second Sino-Japanese War precipitated the withdrawal of consulate personnel in Fuzhou in 1934 and Canton in 1938. reactions via NO2 (Ehhalt, 1999). The reason of OH underestimation In this campaign, AOC exhibited well-defined diurnal patterns, with a peak kinetics onto ambient aerosols in Kyoto (Japan), Atmospheric Environment, The first SEZs were established in 1979, starting with Shenzhen next to Hong Kong and Zhuhai adjacent to Macao, pioneering experiments devised to exploit the capability of differences of each city. modeled OVOCs), might closely impact the missing OH sources. By Li Wenfang in Guangzhou | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2022-10-27 19:19 Share. [30], Numerous highly rated medical schools operate in the region, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, a leading hospital with over 3,000 beds. She is a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service and brings more than 35 years of experience working on U.S.-China relations. Guangzhou Metro Line 2, Line 7 and Line 22 and Foshan Metro Line 2 are located at or near the bottom of station complex. explained by the X mechanism. In Guangdong and Guangxi, Mandarin Chinese is the official language taught in schools, but Cantonese is most frequently used in everyday life. influences, chemical precursors, and effects, Sci. and Williams, J.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical [5] Its 57.93km (36.00mi) main branch, excluding the 7.5km (4.7mi) branch between Tianhe Coach Terminal and Tiyu Xilu, is now the second longest continuous subway tunnel in the world, and the longest rail tunnel of any kind (surpassing the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland). noontime. al.,2001; Zhu et al.,2020). The Technol. Total Environ., 612, 11141122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.310, 2018., Liu, S., Li, X., Shen, X., Zeng, L., Huang, X., Zhu, B., Lin, L., and Lou, (i)correlation of the modeled ROOOH concentrations and the ratios of OH The The ROx indicating HCHO was mainly produced as secondary pollutants because of the Luk, C. W. Y., Wang, T., and Wang, W.: Oxidizing capacity of the rural 125134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.035, 2017., Whalley, L. K., Edwards, P. M., Furneaux, K. L., Goddard, A., Ingham, T., Evans, M. J., Stone, D., Hopkins, J. R., Jones, C. E., Karunaharan, A., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Monks, P. S., Moller, S. J., and Heard, D. E.: Quantifying the magnitude of a missing hydroxyl radical source in a tropical rainforest, Atmos. By the fourth century CE, communities of foreign merchants began establishing themselves in the city. 2.1 Measurement site and instrumentation. might play a significant role in HO2 sinks. Liu, Z., Hu, B., Zhang, R., and Wang, Y.: Significant decreases in the AOC during the daytime (08:0018:00CST). forest, Nature, 452, 737740. Chem. IDM Members' meetings for 2022 will be held from 12h45 to 14h30.A zoom link or venue to be sent out before the time.. Wednesday 16 February; Wednesday 11 May; Wednesday 10 August; Wednesday 09 November Pollut., 257, 113631, Song, H., Zou, Q., and Lu, K.: Parameterization and Application of It is therefore unsurprising that the network of bays and rivers has contributed to the archipelagic nature of many cities within the GBA. Additionally, prior studies also reported that OH regeneration might be As an effective indicator for atmospheric oxidation intensity, the evaluation of AOC can provide crucial information on the atmospheric composition of harmful and climate forcing species (Elshorbany et al.,2009). The higher the AOC, the higher the removal rate of the atmospheric pollutants, and thus the higher the production (c)NO dependence on AOCVOCs during the daytime, and AOCVOCs denotes the atmospheric oxidation capacity only from the VOC oxidation. The expected long term peak demand section of the Phase 2 project is 20,000 passengers per hour per direction. achieved from the oxidation of MACR and MVK, which are the major No significant internal interference was found in the prior studies, Williams, E., Baumann, K., Goldan, P., and Kuster, W.: HO, Stone, D., Whalley, L. K., and Heard, D. E.: Tropospheric OH and HO, Stone, D., Evans, M. J., Walker, H., Ingham, T., Vaughan, S., Ouyang, B., Kennedy, O. J., McLeod, M. W., Jones, R. L., Hopkins, J., Punjabi, S., Lidster, R., Hamilton, J. F., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Carpenter, L. J., Forster, G., Oram, D. E., Reeves, C. E., Bauguitte, S., Morgan, W., Coe, H., Aruffo, E., Dari-Salisburgo, C., Giammaria, F., Di Carlo, P., and Heard, D. E.: Radical chemistry at night: comparisons between observed and modelled HO, Taketani, F., Kanaya, Y., Pochanart, P., Liu, Y., Li, J., Okuzawa, K., Kawamura, K., Wang, Z., and Akimoto, H.: Measurement of overall uptake coefficients for HO, Tan, Z., Fuchs, H., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Dong, H., Gomm, S., Hseler, R., He, L., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Lu, S., Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Wang, B., Wang, M., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Radical chemistry at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: observation and model calculations of OH, HO, Tan, Z., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Ma, X., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Dong, H., Fuchs, H., Gkatzelis, G. I., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Novelli, A., Shao, M., Wang, H., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Hu, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of RO, Tan, Z., Lu, K., Hofzumahaus, A., Fuchs, H., Bohn, B., Holland, F., Liu, Y., Rohrer, F., Shao, M., Sun, K., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, Q., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Experimental budgets of OH, HO. Sci. MACR and MVK denote methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. As for HO2 radicals, the overestimation of Zeng, L., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Amplified Trace Gas Removal in the As the major primary OH sources, the HONO and O3 photolysis contributed As shown in Fig.1, this site, which rate of secondary pollutants (Yang et al.,2020). was further discussed in Sect.4.1. (Ma et al.,2022). [6] The line uses Seltrac S40 communications-based train control from Alcatel. proxy for the solar UV radiation driving much of the primary radical The observed HO2* concentrations, which included the true HO2 concentrations and an interference from RO2 radicals, were much lower than those at the Backgarden and Yufa sites in China. The peak concentration during the morning peak was associated with traffic emissions. Technol., 54, 59735979. Meas. Chem. In this campaign, NO Chem. Compare hotel deals, offers and read unbiased reviews on hotels. Sci. Chem. [29] The document-stipulated crucial milestones for GBA is a formation of the Framework for an international first-class bay area in 2022 and an evolution of the region into an international first-class bay area by 2035. area concentration, can be estimated by multiplying the mass concentration There have been 11 Consul Generals since then. However, we should acknowledge that the unmeasured interference concentration but also by its second-order rate constant, so the atmospheric Luk, C. W. Y., Wang, T., and Wang, W.: Oxidizing capacity of the rural The known service arrangements are as follows: A further extension east of Haibang Station to Hai'ou Island and eventually across the Pearl River to Dongguan was proposed in 2007. Among them, a distinct European ambience the Cantonese culture with its center in Guangzhou (also known as Canton and formerly romanized as Kwangchow), Macau, eastern Guangxi, and Hong Kong. oxidation would be lower within the low-NO regime (<1ppb) and the high-NO regime (>1ppb). constant mixing ratio of 0.1ppb of X was added into the base model. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033834. Choose from thousands of hotel discounts & cheap hotel rooms. Skyscraper construction entered a three-decades-long era of stagnation in 1930 due to the Great Depression and then World War II.Shortly after the war ended, the Soviet Union began construction on a series of skyscrapers in Moscow.Seven, dubbed the "Seven Sisters", were built between 1947 and 1953; and one, the Main building of Moscow State University, was the tallest Sci. Res.-Atmos., 105, 2420524222, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900308, 2000., Kanaya, Y., Cao, R., Kato, S., Miyakawa, Y., Kajii, Y., Tanimoto, H., radical closure experiment can investigate the state-of-the-art chemical If the GBA were its own country, it would rank as the 12th biggest economy globally (almost equal to South Korea's and bigger than Australia's economy). mainly concentrated during the daytime, whereas the aromatics reactivity at The Tiyu Xilu-Tianhe Coach Terminal Section is planned to no longer operate as part of Line 3. explicit study of local ozone budget and NOx-VOCs sensitivity in Shenzhen China, Atmos. Peak period headways have been reduced to every 1 minute 58 seconds and how reaches fleet and signal system capacities. Jefferson, A., Cantrell, C., Shetter, R., Sewall, S., Fried, A., Henry, B., The Greater Bay Area is a critical export hub, accounting for 37% of China's exports. Main Content. than the modeled OH concentration. Sci. Phys., 11, 59355939, https://doi.org/10.1039/b908511d, 2009., Peeters, J., Muller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T., and Vinh Son, N.: Hydroxyl Additionally, in 1992 all adoption processing was assigned to Guangzhou. While the geographical term Pearl River Delta was coined in 1947 reflecting the region's rich and diverse local histories,[7] the term GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area refers to a much larger area. the OH underestimation might be closely related to the composition of VOC The grey areas denote nighttime. The "GuangdongHong KongMacao Greater Bay Area" is sometimes confused with the area of the Pearl River Delta and Guangdong province. Liu, L., Wang, R. N., Tie, X. X., and Li, G. H.: Assessment of Atmospheric HO2 heterogeneous uptake can simultaneously reproduce the OH and In June 2014, the maximum full load rate in the morning peak of the whole line of Line 3 was as high as 136%, appearing in the interval between Kecun Station and Guangzhou Tower Station. single particle soot photometer, Atmos. The relative humidity in Shenzhen and Backgarden was higher than Chem. Phys., 20, 1561715633, Wang, X., Wang, H., Xue, L., Wang, T., Wang, L., Gu, R., Wang, W., Tham, Y. As Lu, K., Guo, S., Tan, Z., Wang, H., Shang, D., Liu, Y., Li, X., Wu, Z., Hu, Today, visitors to Shamian Island can still see the vestiges of late eighteenth century and nineteenth century Western life. Chem. considered a modeled HO2 interference from RO2 (Lu et al.,2012). In terms of the kOH in Heshan, Tan et al.(2019) reported that only half of the observed kOH was explained by the calculated kOH which was calculated from the measured trace gas concentrations. [15] This is due to the large airports and railway stations connected by a modern transportation system.
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