16: 440447. ORIGINAL ARTICLE. As discussed in the pages of this journal, Article 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 protects against torture, inhuman or degrading treatment (Reference CurticeCurtice 2008). Although Mill would allow remonstration with the person or an attempt to persuade them not to kill themselves, he believed that [an individual's] independence is, of right, absolute. Published 27 February 2018 Business Journal of Management Development Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical implications of treating new employees with high consideration and respect for their needs and to explain how this expectation honors the psychological contract between employers and their incoming employees. Ethical Perspectives in Home-Based Business | Journal of Small Business Strategy Ethical Perspectives in Home-Based Business Authors Stuart Dawson Victoria University John Breen Victoria University Abstract This paper reports the findings of an inaugural investigation into the ethical outlook of home based business operators in Australia. Carr, Albert. "shouldUseHypothesis": true, From its inception the Journal has aimed to improve the human condition by providing a public forum for discussion and debate about ethical issues . a the 2001 National Confidential Inquiry in the UK showed that alcohol dependence is the most common diagnosis in patients who die by suicide and who were in contact with mental health services in the year before death, b the ambivalence model provides evidence against short-term suicide prevention, c Barraclough found that in over 90% of a sample of suicide cases, the individuals were diagnosable with a mental disorder, d the cry for help model involves individuals genuinely wishing to die. Hume argues that if the spy did not kill himself he would be unhappy for the rest of his life. (2003). } John Stuart Mill, one of the most influential utilitarian philosophers of the 19th century, asserted that suicide prevention is never justified after an initial attempt has been made to find the cause. This article identifies theoretical and practical resources for practitioners and researchers working toward cultivating character and moral judgment in youth. This is aimed at being fair to various components of life, as well as looking for acceptance from others. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. . Healthcare access for deaf patients - The legal and ethical perspectives Deaf patients are too often overlooked in our society despite requiring in-depth attention to their specific communication needs. 0000025925 00000 n e suicide is sometimes permissible when an individual is rational. "displayNetworkTab": true, Sustainable business operations should be always the principle of a company. The New York Times Magazine, 1-5. "Perspectives on Terrorism" is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes six issues per year. In Perspectives in business ethics, edited by L. P. Hartman, 229-238. 16: 430437. Submitted articles cannot have been previously published, nor be forthcoming in an archival journal or book (print or electronic). Journal of Business Ethics, 15(2), 183-192. However, it is reasonable to assume that a significant proportion who were not in contact with mental health services will have had mental health problems, given the roughly 20% lifetime prevalence of depression in the general population (Reference Kessler, McGonagle and ZhaoKessler 1994). Ethical leadership dictates the behaviors, actions, and relationships among people. The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 27 . This article examines the use of placebos in cancer treatment trials from three perspectives, ethical, scientific and regulatory, and attempts to draw conclusions about their appropriate use in cancer drug . ( 2005) developed a ten-item instrument to measure perceptions of ethical leadership, the ethical leadership scale (ELS), and they defined ethical leadership as the demonstration of normatively conduct behavior through personal actions and interpersonal relationships. As already mentioned, different people have different understandings of business ethics and social responsibilities. In her view, if an individual makes a rational choice to end their life and there is no impairment in that person's autonomy, then paternalistic intervention is generally morally forbidden. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical implications of treating new employees with high consideration and respect for their needs and to explain how this expectation honors the psychological contract between employers and their incoming employees. Friedman, M. (1970). Muhammad (1993). His opinion is that there is a good chance that the future in such cases will improve; therefore the person will be losing out on positive value by ending their life prematurely. Understanding the implicit ethical issues in the onboarding process enables organizations to improve the employer-employee relationship and honor their responsibilities to incoming employees. Journal of Management Development, 37(1), 27-39. https:// https://doi . Incapacity legislation has been recently discussed in Advances in Brindle, N, Branton, T (2010) Interface between the Mental Health Act and Mental Capacity Act: deprivation of liberty safeguards. Everybody has a role to play in responsibilities. Drucker contends that it is confusing where business ethics fit. Ineffective onboarding has significant ramifications not only for the efficiency of organizations but also for the effectiveness of incoming employees. e long-term paternalistic suicide prevention with autonomous individuals is considered morally impermissible. These are legal responsibility, societal responsibility, managerial responsibilities, corporate social responsibility, and responsibilities of stakeholders. Independence and personal freedom are clearly important rights that society must aim to preserve. Reference Brandt, Battin and MayoBrandt (1980) and Reference GloverGlover (1990) consider factors relating to the suicidal individual and effects on others, for example the family of the suicide victim. Ethical Perspectives is an academic journal. Ethics features scholarly work that covers a range of topics pertaining to moral, political, and legal philosophy from a variety of intellectual perspectives, including social and political theory, law, and economics. Another ethical aspect concerned researchers' concerns in balancing involvement and protection of vulnerable groups, especially when involving contributors living under unstable circumstances. Emile Durkheim (18581917) says of altruistic suicide: The weight of society is brought to bear [on the individual] to lead him to destroy himself (Reference Durkheim, Spalding and SimpsonDurkheim 1897; 2005 reprint: p. 178). One might envisage a small number of cases in which patients might be detained for prolonged periods to prevent their suicide. Concerns regarding the rationality of suicide involve a weighing up of the positive and negative results of a proposed act of suicide and coming to a conclusion as to whether the act is of overall benefit or not. This article begins with a brief history of attitudes in the UK and Europe towards those who attempt suicide. One point evident in all this is that business ethics is integral. Striving after interdisciplinary collaboration among ethicists and specialists from diverse sciences, Ethical Perspectives is primarily an international forum for the promotion of dialogue between fundamental and applied ethics. Published online by Cambridge University Press: In the vast majority of cases, prolonged detention of an autonomous individual in a psychiatric hospital with the sole aim of preventing their suicide would be an unjustifiable abuse of civil liberty. Friedman (1970) equates social responsibilities to have good business behaviors and conduct. Regarding her second criticism, to deny the unconscious woman intervention measures could be argued at best to be a callous unconcern for her welfare. Moral responsibility is good for a business setting. Using sensitive terminology is recommended, as is avoiding describing a completed suicide as successful. March 2020. The intention is not death but another end, perhaps attention, reconciliation or revenge. Ethical Perspectives welcomes the submission of manuscripts in moral theory that are in line with the journal's aim . People supporting this theory in the human and health service do what feels right for . For example, religiosity is a key factor and so are the commonalities seen in various codes. Ethical values are inseparable components of the society and, as a result, nursing profession. 0000001851 00000 n It implies that all actions that bring maximum pleasure to the greatest number of people are ethical actions. Finally, effectively communicating around research and involvement in an accessible way, for contributors to be involved but not burdened, was a . The four ethical perspectives include character/virtue, obligation/deontology, results/utilitarianism, and equity/relativism; thus, making up CORE. Supplement series Ethical Perspectives publishes a Supplement series of books. This may also be explained in terms of moral responsibility towards one another. They act as one of the most basic parts of human life. Then, he suggests that executives are directly linked to social operations. The principle of respect for life suggests that members of the public are morally justified and possibly obligated to report suicide threats. Individual factors include the distorting influence of acute distress and depression on cognition, making the future appear bleaker than is in fact likely. However, in specific cases, a duty to others would make intervention permissible (p. 143). It could be argued that the National Suicide Prevention Strategy for England describes the rationale for a suicide prevention strategy in terms of the principle of respect for life, stating that each suicide represents both an individual tragedy and a loss to society (Department of Health 2002: p. 8). It is the overall value that is carried along with the concept of social responsibility and business ethics. Yakeley, Jessica 0000003026 00000 n 0000009718 00000 n Nys justifies paternalistic policies such as suicide prevention at the population level, since their aim is to prevent or aim to prevent a large amount of harm. Considering that there should be ethical limits on the permissibility of suicide does not equate with a view that people who attempt suicide are somehow in the wrong. Based on these qualitative findings, Brown et al. 0000008340 00000 n Drucker had various viewpoints regarding leadership and leaders. Furthermore, ethics in a business organization is a concept that can be equated to either right or wrong. He insisted that the payment of bribes is stupid. We are leaving out some important perspectives, such as general theories of justice and "rights" and feminist . She was detained by the police as she was behaving strangely in public following the overdose. Lim, C. and Lay, C.S. Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of philosophy (Reference CamusCamus 1942). Impact Factor is the most common scientometric index, which is defined by the number of citations of papers in two preceding years divided by the number of papers published in those years. The graph shows the changes in the impact factor of Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network and its the corresponding percentile for the sake of comparison with the entire literature. People who died by suicide, and those executed for their attempts, were buried at cross-roads in the belief that their spirit would not be able to find their way back to their towns (Reference Alvarez, Battin and MayoAlvarez 1980: p. 8). "isUnsiloEnabled": true, On his part, Patrick Murphy introduces a third concept of business ethics and social responsibility. Business ethics involve theories on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), social contracts, and organizational justice. a an appeal to deep autonomy denies paternalistic suicide intervention, b short-term paternalistic suicide prevention measures are widely considered to be morally impermissible, c the cry for help model of suicide means that paternalistic interventions are not morally justifiable, d Beauchamp views paternalism as applying only to autonomous individuals. It may be regrettable to thwart the suicide attempts of the (likely) minority who are genuinely rational, autonomous and non-ambivalent, but the alternative, allowing people to kill themselves who might have gone on to lead happy, productive lives, is surely worse. This paper offers a succinct discussion on the concepts of business ethics and social responsibilities as argued by various authors. This article argues that recent criticism of business education and the resurgence of serious interest in marketing ethics and macromarketing during the 1980s are best understood as making the case. These are appropriate in determining allocations of scarce company resources. 0000010885 00000 n This is related to the concepts of relativism and universalism regarding international ethics. A suicide mania among Christian martyrs prompted St Augustine to publicly condemn the act (Reference Alvarez, Battin and MayoAlvarez 1980). Reference DworkinDworkin (1972) describes paternalism as the abridgement of an individual's liberty or other rights in order to promote his or her interests, good, happiness, needs, values or welfare. The impact factor (IF) is calculated by counting citations from peer-reviewed journals only. Suicide attempts were punishable by public execution and there are accounts of such executions as late as 1860. %PDF-1.6 % Publication Ethics Statement. People have different perspectives on being right or wrong. The effect has been shown to apply to both fictional stories and non-fictional media reports (Reference Stack and LeenaarsStack 1991; Reference Hawton, Simkin and DeeksHawton 1999). Suicide was decriminalised in 1961 in England and Wales with the Suicide Act. Ethics is an inseparable part of social media. Mill states that we are justified in temporarily intervening in order to ensure that a person is acting intentionally with adequate knowledge of the consequences of the action, but that once this has been done the person should be allowed to do as they please (Reference MillMill 1859). A woman attempted suicide by taking an overdose after a relationship ended. Drucker had a strong view of social responsibility as part of ethics. Nonetheless, the major issue of concern in virtually all arguments is that leadership should be well enhanced if good business practices are put in place. It has been suggested that for some, a suicide attempt is the person's high-risk strategy for altering their situation a cry for help (Reference BattinBattin 1996). Murphy (2010) notes that business responsibilities must influence business decision-making processes. If, after a short period of paternalistic intervention (see below), a rational, autonomous individual still intends suicide, it is generally considered wrong to stop them from killing themselves (Reference Beauchamp, Regan, Beauchamp and CallicottBeauchamp 1993; Reference CosculluelaCosculluela 1995). Their advice includes avoiding printing details of drugs and dosages used in suicide attempts. Information ethics has been defined as "the branch of ethics that focuses on the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society". All companies should adhere to a set code of ethics and regulations instituted by international bodies such as the United Nations. On his part, Peter Drucker notes that social responsibility may not always be driven in the right direction. The understanding brought out by Milton Friedman is that every social responsibility or adherence to business ethics should be tied to gaining profits. This kind of acting is where there is good behavior and leading from the front. The moral permissibility of suicide raised by the principle of autonomy does not apply to individuals who are unable to make autonomous decisions. As related to business, this moral responsibility carries a crucial part in business decision-making. Keadilan dalam Islam. There are various types of responsibilities that are related to moral and social responsibilities plus business ethics. Additionally, moral responsibilities of any business venture in comparison to ethical perspectives that need to be considered are equally imperative when running business operations. Reference Beauchamp, Regan, Beauchamp and CallicottBeauchamp (1993) concludes that paternalism applies only to autonomous individuals. 1, 2 for an annual retainer fee of $1500 to $20 000 per year, patients are indulged with perks such as valet parking, plush bathrobes, buffet meals, saunas, and A new interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary journal, the Journal of Neurophilosophy, published its first issue this past summer. This perspective may have helped them view the scenarios more completely, and be sensitive the possible range of actions they might have taken . The aim of this series is to provide an opportunity for publication of more substantial works of monograph length and collective works on particular themes. It could be argued to be ethically justifiable to continue the detention because of a duty to others. Jim Collins, in his seminal work, Good to Great, noted that all great organizations are led by "Level 5 leaders (L5Ls)." These leaders exhibit fierce resolve, but incredible humility. Short-term paternalistic interventions with the purpose of assessing a suicidal person for mental illness, treating such illness if it is found, counselling them, providing assistance with any problems they have and giving them time to reflect on their life and suicidal thoughts in a supportive environment is, in our opinion, ethically justifiable. Their thinking has influenced both popular opinion and medico-legal practice regarding suicide and suicide prevention. 2 Ethical decision-making: Eight perspectives on workplace dilemmas 3 Ethical decision-making: Eight perspectives on workplace dilemmas As the professional body for HR and people development, our . 120 24 It aims at being a forum for discussion and shares in the vision of improving the capacity of professionals and leaders in business, politics, civil service, biotechnology, law medicine and the . According to Drucker, Confucian ethics are most durable where different general rules can be applied to different situations. Many feel dying with dignity is just as important . Public administration ethics focus on constitutional theory, citizenship, social equity, virtue, and public interest. However, Reference Baelz, Battin and MayoBaelz (1980) raises the point that in some situations, for example in self-defence, killing is widely accepted as morally permissible. These are just two examples of several available resources for authors and editors. Ethical Perspectives welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Articles in the journal present new theories, apply theory to contemporary moral issues, and focus on historical works that have . The principle of respect for human life posits that life has an intrinsic value that is deserving of respect (Reference Beauchamp, Regan, Beauchamp and CallicottBeauchamp 1993: p. 85). 0000005675 00000 n This view can be extrapolated to include a moral obligation to prevent suicide. In addition, all the articles attempt to expound on moral responsibilities using both concepts of business ethics and social responsibilities. Humes argument is based on an appeal to autonomy and utility. HWnG}' MwbJll?&9\hP=U3[,mS>#}_?Y|\(i2Kc:ELy\PEoE#S% D4..^VEMd"H_+@1HtEof5R("_nog? On his part, Peter Drucker ties all business operations to business ethics and responsibilities. One example is the case of a spy who is captured and kills himself to avoid divulging state secrets. Reference BattinBattin (1996: p. 138) differentiates between autonomous and nonautonomous states. If the lack of capacity is temporary, the person might decide against suicide when capacity is regained. Suicide has long been a concern of moral philosophers and theologians. The term responsibility is the main thing argued in the article. There is clear evidence that media portrayals of suicide influence the public, irresponsible reporting increasing imitation (Reference Schmidtke, Hfner, Diekstra, Maris, Platt and BrillSchmidtke 1989). In some cases this would involve coercion, because if a member of the public is obligated to report a suicide threat then it would be unreasonable not to expect authorities such as the police and mental health services to share that obligation with a view to stopping a person from killing themselves. . http://www.iasp.info/pdf/task_forces/Scotland_Reporting_Media.pdf. July-August 2011. The thinking behind this is that the negative value in the person continuing to live in pain with loss of dignity outweighs other considerations counting against their suicide (Reference Brandt, Battin and MayoBrandt 1980; Reference Beauchamp, Regan, Beauchamp and CallicottBeauchamp 1993). In terms of ethical relativism, it implies that both, the concepts of right and wrong, usually emanate from a particular situation or long-term cultural norms. An Ethical Perspective . Ethical perspectives of AI and robotics should be addressed in at least two ways. 0000009515 00000 n 0000005869 00000 n Common social responsibility is not increasing the price of products from the company. Deep autonomy involves the individual's capacity to reflect on these values and their worth. Generally, leaders are at the heart of applying these business ethics and social responsibilities and becoming examples to others. "useSa": true In a discussion of a number of situations in which suicide might be considered, Hume concludes that in some cases it would be in the interests of the individual, their family and society. It is unclear, however, whether by temporarily intervening Mill would sanction intervention limited to hours, to a few words with a person about to jump from a bridge, or to detention under the Mental Health Act with police assistance and an assessment and support over a number of days, even weeks if necessary. Confucianism and the protestant work ethic. The big question is on what exactly business ethics is. b individuals are justified in temporarily intervening in suicide attempts, c suicide by individuals with terminal illness is sometimes justified, d the principle of respect for life means that suicide is never morally justified. The ISSN of this journal is 1370-0049. The theological position relates to the principle of respect for life: for Christians, God is viewed as creator and so taking one's life is disrespectful towards God (Reference Baelz, Battin and MayoBaelz 1980). Conley Contest Winners; From the Editor May 2013 Ethical Perspectives on Pain. An International Code of Ethics For Leadership. 0000041872 00000 n Google Scholar. However, in these cases indefinite detention would be widely accepted as morally indefensible. Reference Beauchamp, Regan, Beauchamp and CallicottBeauchamp (1993: p. 84) describes the principle of autonomy as asserting an obligation to respect the decision making capacities of autonomous persons by not limiting their liberty to effect their choices. Some ethics go with social responsibilities and should be looked into keenly before being applied. Here, we take a brief look at (1) utilitarianism, (2) deontology, (3) social justice and social contract theory, and (4) virtue theory. A few months later he tries to jump out of an office window to his death. Bharat Kumar, MD . 16: 430437. He voices suicidal thoughts and is assessed by the local crisis intervention team: they find no evidence of mental illness. Brandt classifies suicides based on acute distress or depression as irrational, implying that they are morally impermissible (Reference Brandt, Battin and MayoBrandt 1980). Battin's argument about the difficulty of ascertaining the precise nature of a case before acting paternalistically raises the important point of whether a person's motives and intentions should be determined in all cases before paternalistic intervention. Both involve ethics: the former would require that investors perform any trade from an ethical perspective. The achievement of this goal demands a wide display of . The four prominent categories of ethical philosophy consist of character/virtue, obligation/deontology, results/utilitarianism, and equity/relativism. Since social responsibility is capable of improving the profitability of a business organization, it should be given much-needed preference. The process for onboarding and assimilating new employees in the modern organization is often ineffective despite the fact that this important task is acknowledged to be vital to the success of those employees and important to their organizations.
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ethical perspectives journal