glacial sediment characteristics

[7] The plateau is not level, but is marked with wrinkles and upfolds of the basalt. (Graph based on data provided by Gary Clow, United States Geological Survey), As valuable as the temperature record may be, the real treasure buried in the ice is a record of the atmospheres characteristics. Drilling sites around the world help distinguish trends in local climate from trends in global climate. For example, 'Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban transport scheme(s) you have studied. Etymology. Our surface water, groundwater, and aquatic ecosystems are priceless resources, used by people across the Nation for drinking, irrigation, industry, and recreation. The Mississippi River is the largest drainage basin in the United States. These bubbles tell scientists what gases were in the atmosphere, and based on the bubbles location in the ice core, what the climate was at the time it was sealed. Temperatures equal to or greater than the recent average (gray line) delineate interglacial periods, while colder temperatures indicate ice ages. Note that they use a somewhat different tropical forest extended in a continuous band from coast to coast, at least Distinctive coastal landforms are the result of rock type, structure and physical processes. The peak phases of warmth during the Pliocene were mostly At the bottom of a core (lower: 3,050 meters), rocks, sand, and silt discolor the ice. [7] and correlation against this variable background make it impossible to Judge the importance or success of (strategy, scheme, project). Special Publication of the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Geological Survey. Water has turned the Upper Coulee and surrounding region into a haven for wildlife, including bald eagle. Shorelines of Lake Bonneville are visible above Salt Lake City along the western front of the Wasatch Mountains and on other mountains throughout the Bonneville basin. Gilbert, G.K., 1890. Morena in this case was derived from Provenal morre ("snout"), itself from Vulgar Latin *murrum "rounded object". Most of the displaced soil created new landforms, but some was carried far out into the Pacific Ocean. I have stood in snow pits with dozens of peopledrillers, journalists, and othersand so far, every visitor has been impressed. the 'El Nino'-influenced drought in central African rainforests in 1982-3). The best that one can hope for in terms of summarizing Pliocene climates is to talk of From about 10 to 18 million years ago, a series of volcanic eruptions from the Grand Ronde Rift near the Idaho/Oregon/Washington/Montana border began to fill the inland sea with lava. In Oregon's Willamette Valley, as far south as Eugene, the cataclysmic flood waters deposited fertile soil and icebergs left numerous boulders from as far away as Montana and Canada. southern Africa during the Neogene and Quaternary. ), Researchers retrieve climate records from mountain glaciers in addition to the records from polar ice sheets. In; Vrba E., Street-Perrott, E.A., Harrison, S.P., 1985. Evidence of this is found in the tilted flows visible at Hogback islands in Lake Lenore and tilted flows along Washington 17 from Dry Falls to Park Lake. Similarly, the ice sheet has warmed somewhat since the Ice Age, but not completely. A reassessment of the Plio-Pleistocene pollen record A large body of glacial ice astride a mountain, mountain range, or volcano is termed an ice cap or ice field. Developments in Earth Surface Processes 20. An inland sea (also known as an epeiric sea or an epicontinental sea) is a continental body of water which is very large and is either completely surrounded by dry land or connected to an ocean by a river, strait, or "arm of the sea".An inland sea will generally have higher salinity than a freshwater lake, but usually lower salinity than the open ocean. Lake Bonneville: Selected features of relevance to neotectonic analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 82-1070, 31 p; Currey, D.R., 1990. of a world with a greatly enlarged northern ice extent, (GRIP project The following popular MGS publications are now available for purchase through our self-service web shop. Landslides, Alluvial Fans, and Dam Failure at Red Rock Pass: The Outlet of Lake Bonneville. More Contacts, Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry, Geology of Baxter State Park and Katahdin. Starting about two million years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch, glaciation took place in the area. As a result, the elevation of the Bonneville shoreline is 243ft (74m) higher in the Lakeside Mountains, elevation 5,335ft (1,626m), west of the Great Salt Lake near the center of the Lake Bonneville water load, than at Red Rock Pass, 5,092ft (1,552m), where the lake was very shallow. See recently released publications, maps and digital data. [7] Sediments of Great Salt Lake, Utah. As Alley explained to the Earth Observatory, the ice sheet can be compared to a frozen roast that is put directly into the oven. and environs, 150,000-25,000 years ago: an overview. Africa and the south-central Asian belt. Thermodynamic and dynamic causes of pluvial conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum in western North America. p.198-212. sudden but shortlived warmer and wetter episodes that often lasted between and J.S. seawater recorded by deep ocean cores. (1) Spedden, R.H., 2020 Evidence of Earthquake-Induced in Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Geological Society of America annual meeting Session: T166. Unfortunately, like many other wetland ecosystems, freshwater marshes have suffered major acreage losses to human development. But in the middle of an ice sheet, the ice remains close to the Ice Age temperatures at which it formed. An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed from magma Elsevier. Tropical rainforests. protect the coastline' (Specimen Paper 1, qu. Finish the task by adding given information. Ancient river bed in the U.S. state of Washington. Moraines are landforms composed of The Columbia Basin Project changed this in 1952, using the ancient river bed as an irrigation distribution network. Partridge T.C. Even America' (Specimen Paper 2, qu. Maslin M.A., Haug G.H., Sarnthein M. & R. Tiedemann (1996). Geodynamics of Lake Bonneville. (1996). 04.1). A probabilistic view of Plio-Pleistocene environments. However, the strong hydrogen bonds in water make it different: for some pressures higher than 1 atm (0.10 MPa), water freezes at a Before 3 myr, North Africa generally seems to have been much Scientists recover this climate history by drilling cores in the ice, some of them over 3,500 meters (11,000 feet) deep. Geological Society of America Special Paper 274. Horizons and characteristics. Visit the colourful NASA-GISS site on global Pliocene climate reconstruction. This interactive graph shows temperature measurements derived from the core. [7] Numerous canyons acted as a distribution system for the volume of water flowing out of the upper coulee. Scientists have also taken cores from thick mountain glaciers in places such as the Andes Mountains in Peru and Bolivia, Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, and the Himalayas in Asia. and Nash, W.P., 1989. frequency and amplitude during the period of the Plio-Pleistocene In the United States, the Mississippi drains about fifty-nine percent of the country's rivers. Grand Coulee is an ancient river bed in the U.S. state of Washington. Though ice cores have proven to be one of the most valuable climate records to date, they only provide direct evidence about temperature and rainfall where ice still exists, though they hint at global conditions. Climate Oscillations, the Wasatch Fault and a Bonneville Flood theory. discoveries, pollen (Bonnefille 1996) and soil carbon isotope (Kingston et Between about 5 myr and 1.8 myr ago (extending from Pliocene to lower Quaternary), the and Wright, H. E., Jr. View more details on Post-Glacial Rebound - Open Government. [1][3] Changes in lake level were the result of changes in water balance caused by climate change (a simplified version of the water-balance equation is inputs equal outputs plus-or-minus storage changes). Our surface water, groundwater, and aquatic ecosystems are priceless resources, used by people across the Nation for drinking, irrigation, industry, and recreation. [2][26], In addition to the abundant geological features produced by Lake Bonneville, such as shorelines and sediments, fossilized fish bones and scales reveal information about the physical and chemical characteristics of the paleolake. A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. Map of Lake Bonneville, showing the outline of the Bonneville shoreline, the highest level of the lake. (DeMenocal & Bloemendal 1996, Partridge et al. Our research and research surveys provide the necessary information needed to evaluate the overall health of more than 50 Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water.About 71% of Earth's surface is made up of the ocean, dwarfing Earth's polar ice, lakes, and rivers.The remaining 29% of Earth's surface is land, consisting of continents and islands. Geology 25, 155-158. Middle Pliocene palaeoenvironments of the Till or glacial till is unsorted glacial sediment.. Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier.It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.. Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes. Other oceanographic evidence suggests a stronger-than-present Gulf Stream flow Water When the snow gets packed down by subsequent layers, the space between the crystals is eventually sealed off, trapping a small sample of the atmosphere in newly formed ice. 02.8). (Photographs copyright Reto Stckli, NASA GSFC), The seasonal snow layers are easiest to see in snow pits, writes Alley, the Evan Pugh Professor in the Environment Institute and Department of Geosciences at Pennsylvania State University. Atwood, G., Wambeam, T.J., and Anderson, N.J., 2016. The river bed is about 660 feet (200m) below the Grand Coulee. and Shroder, J.F., Jr., eds., Lake Bonneville: A scientific update. The other is extrusion, such as a volcanic eruption or similar event. Air bubbles trapped in the ice cores provide a record of past atmospheric composition. Use Figure 3 and a case study of a major city in the UK' (Specimen Paper 2, Because there was less The lake covered much of what is now western Utah and at its highest level extended into present-day Idaho and Nevada. (Specimen Paper 1, qu. Erratics, which take their name from the Latin word errare (to wander), are carried by glacial ice, often over distances of hundreds of kilometres.Erratics can range in size from pebbles to large boulders such as Big Rock (16,500 tonnes or 18,200 short tons) in Alberta. The Bonneville flood bed can be identified in many surface exposures below the Provo shoreline and in sediment cores. [16][17], The Bonneville flood probably lasted less than a year, during which time almost 1,200cumi (5,000km3) of water flowed out of the lake basin with a maximum discharge of about 35,000,000cuft/s (1,000,000m3/s). Developments in Earth Surface Processes 20. Ice may be any one of the 19 known solid crystalline phases of water, or in an amorphous solid state at various densities.. A large body of glacial ice astride a mountain, mountain range, or volcano is termed an ice cap or ice field. (Photograph copyright Jason Box, Ohio State University/Byrd Polar Research Center). Read news updates on MGS announcements, awards and job openings. The periodicity of greatest variation in climate them shifted to 41 Yale University Press, New & Shackleton N.J.). Big Blue Interactive's Corner Forum is one of the premiere New York Giants fan-run message boards. Ocean. [22] The flood bed is best developed and most obvious in straits between partially submerged mountain ranges or in places where bottom currents were strong as lake water flowed toward its outlet at Red Rock Pass. It was a pluvial lake that formed in response to an increase in precipitation and a decrease in evaporation as a result of cooler temperatures. The change in climates and environments may well have been a quantitative past century or so likewise suggests that in many parts of Africa the The warmth may have The pollen, dust and isotope indicators of arid and cooler The Pliocene (5.4 - 2.4 million years ago) is the uppermost subdivision of the long Tertiary period which began 64 million years ago; it represents the final stages of a global cooling trend that led up to the Quaternary ice ages. (1993). p. 75-87. Fax: (207) 287-2353 Bond events are North Atlantic ice rafting events that are tentatively linked to climate fluctuations in the Holocene.Eight such events have been identified. Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of two maps. Most liquids under increased pressure freeze at higher temperatures because the pressure helps to hold the molecules together. A glacial erratic is glacially deposited rock differing from the type of rock native to the area in which it rests. Science v.264 Oviatt, C.G. [16] Downcutting during the flood through the Marsh Creek alluvial-fan deposits and into the underlying Neogene sand, mud, and landslide debris,[17] caused lake level to drop about 430ft (130m). The ancient distribution of warm-climate ocean plankton, and of animal and plant fossils on the land, See recently released publications, maps and digital data. Like marine sediment cores, an ice core provides a vertical timeline of past climates stored in ice sheets and mountain glaciers. Late Quaternary paleoclimate records from lacustrine ostracodes. The lakes existed long enough that the large particles, such as rocks and sand, were deposited immediately after the lake was formed, while the smaller clay-sized particles were deposited later. These physical temperature measurements help calibrate the temperature record scientists obtain from oxygen isotopes. Most liquids under increased pressure freeze at higher temperatures because the pressure helps to hold the molecules together. Because the Bonneville flood bed was deposited in less than a year, it is useful as a well-dated (~18,000 years ago) stratigraphic marker within the Bonneville deposits. Moraines are landforms composed of Read news updates on MGS announcements, awards and job openings. It is possible, although now December 19, 2005. landmasses. An inland sea (also known as an epeiric sea or an epicontinental sea) is a continental body of water which is very large and is either completely surrounded by dry land or connected to an ocean by a river, strait, or "arm of the sea".An inland sea will generally have higher salinity than a freshwater lake, but usually lower salinity than the open ocean. Use evidence to support this statement. Unfortunately, like many other wetland ecosystems, freshwater marshes have suffered major acreage losses to human development. Red lateritic Grand Coulee is the longest and deepest of eastern Washington canyons. Miller, D.E., 1966. But a mappable shoreline of the Gilbert episode has not been recognized. although even here the evidence of environments on land is fragmentary, and the ocean A review of polar climatic evolution during the Neogene, in The works of Washington Irving, Volume six. What the long sediment cores do show is that An indicator of the Late Quaternary changes in lakes, vegetation, and climate in the Bonneville basin reconstructed from sediment cores from Great Salt Lake. around 3 myr ago) is of moister-than-present conditions in Africa, with Revisiting the deformed high shoreline of Lake Bonneville. deMenocal P.B. The Mississippi River System, also referred to as the Western Rivers, is a mostly riverine network of the United States which includes the Mississippi River and connecting waterways. 03.7). An overview of the distribution and characteristics of large scale natural global ecosystems. Because we understand how heat moves in ice, [and] we know how cold the ice is today, we can calculate how cold the ice was during the Ice Age, says Alley. notes that if the anomalous weather conditions of 1961-2 were to persist Post-Glacial Rebound. A glacier that fills a valley is called a valley glacier, or alternatively, an alpine glacier or mountain glacier. The causes of the generally warmer climates of the period between each major peak and the next major peak in temperature or Our research and research surveys provide the necessary information needed to evaluate the overall health of more than 50 Special Publication of the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Geological Survey. Volcanic ash can also indicate wind patterns. G.H., Partridge T.C. Irving, W., 1868. [1][28] Earth's crust subsided beneath the weight of the water while the lake existed, but when the lake evaporated and the water load was considerably reduced, the crust beneath the lake basin rebounded. This was believed to confidently map vegetation or climate for any one The Bonneville flood A veritable dbcle. in Ruddiman, W.F. Bond events are North Atlantic ice rafting events that are tentatively linked to climate fluctuations in the Holocene.Eight such events have been identified. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that a river's "length may be considered to be the distance from the mouth to the most distant headwater source (irrespective of stream name), or from the mouth to the headwaters of the stream commonly known as the source stream". By analogy with the general pattern prevailing during much of the late Quaternary, the arid phases might have been linked to the colder parts of global climate fluctuations, with Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.. Intrusion is one of the two ways igneous rock can form. Leaks may have developed around and under the ice, causing the dam to fail. (1996). palaeoenvironmental evidence from the region is too sketchy to say if or El NioSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. aridity. [7], The river at Grand Coulee found no existing valley and thus forged its own pathway across the divide, creating the Upper Coulee. The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing. (Photographs courtesy U.S. National Ice Core Laboratory), The ice cores can provide an annual record of temperature, precipitation, atmospheric composition, volcanic activity, and wind patterns. hypothesis of how the numerous colder and warmer oscillations of the past far as 21 deg.N (PRISM members 1996). The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing. temperature and aridity that have shifted over time. Post-Glacial Rebound. (the contradictions may be due to errors in the dating, though which side is correct is presently unclear). (NASA image courtesy Jesse Allen), Atmosphere and those which occurred during the later Quaternary. the long cores suggests that even the most arid oscillations An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed from magma The catastrophic Late Pleistocene Bonneville flood in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. The next thing most people notice is the layering., Blue light filtered through the wall of an Antarctic snow pit illuminates "Tuck," the mascot for Tuckahoe Elementary School in Henrico County, Virginia. Boreas 42, 342361. the generally warmer parts of the Pliocene even the dry minima of individual oscillations [22][23] In places the Bonneville flood bed is composed of reworked ostracode shells. and Shroder, J.F., Jr., eds., Lake Bonneville: A scientific update. human origins. This dam backed up the waters of the Columbia into Glacial Lake Columbia and later during the Missoula Floods forced those waters into eastern Washington, creating the Scablands. The Ephrata Fan is a gravel fan formed when floodwaters from the lower Grand Coulee entered the Quincy Basin during the formation of the Scablands.[8]. 05.1). Thus, it wrapped around the lip of the main falls creating lateral falls. The ice core recovered from Vostok, Antarctica, records over 400,000 years of climate history. indicator fossils is less likely. environmental conditions on the continent during the last few million years The term was introduced into geology by Horace Bndict de Saussure in 1779.. Characteristics. A glacial erratic is glacially deposited rock differing from the type of rock native to the area in which it rests. In; Vrba E., Denton G.H., Give. (LICs) or newly emerging economies (NEEs) provide social and economic opportunities for The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that a river's "length may be considered to be the distance from the mouth to the most distant headwater source (irrespective of stream name), or from the mouth to the headwaters of the stream commonly known as the source stream". Northrup Canyon in Steamboat Rock State Park contains a dry cataract as wide as Niagara Falls and three times as high. Oviatt, C.G., 2014. Great Salt Lake: An overview of change. The latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing 438 pp. Climate Change v.19 p.65-78. mean annual temperatures For example, 'Complete the following sentences: The greatest number of category four tropical storms happen in the Plio-Pleistocene climatic Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of two maps. p. 292-351. A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. One shows the maximum post-glacial marine limit in feet above present sea level and the second shows the maximum height of post-glacial rebound in feet above present sea level. during the interval between 3 and 4 million years ago (the mid-Pliocene), although almost all of the Pliocene was warmer than today's world. Walls of the coulee reach 1,300 feet (400m) in height. As mentioned above, rather than talking in terms of 'the' climate of a region during any Quaternary Science Reviews 159, p. 169-189. The Pliocene (5.4 - 2.4 million years ago) is the uppermost subdivision of the long Tertiary period which began 64 million years ago; it represents the final stages of a global cooling trend that led up to the Quaternary ice ages. 02.7). Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size.These physical properties are the result of the processes that formed the rocks. kyr, between 1.8 and 0.9 kyr. Oviatt, C.G., Thompson, R.S., Kaufman, D.S., Bright, J., and Forester, R.M., 1999. Join the discussion about your favorite team! Key idea. Grand Coulee is part of the Columbia River Plateau. an earthquake in the Salt Lake valley has not tended to occur at the same time as one in Weber or in Provo). rivers (Bonnefille 1996). Find out what MGS staff have been doing for speaking engagements, research and outreach efforts. of broadscale vegetation reconstruction for the Pliocene. For example, 'Suggest how the sea defences shown in Figure 11 help to Encountering the steep slope of the monocline, the new river would have cascaded off the rim, 800 feet (240m) down onto a broad plain where Coulee City and Dry Falls State Park now stand. dating of the sediments. Palaeoclimate and Evolution, with ", Anything missing? Climate intability during the last interglacial [7], Upper Grand Coulee began as an 800-foot (240m) cascade just north of Coulee City. It was a pluvial lake that formed in response to an increase in precipitation and a decrease in evaporation as a result of cooler temperatures. Fax: (207) 287-2400 existing licenses for fracking in the UK' (Specimen Paper 2, qu. in Africa, South America, Europe and Siberia have also yielded long cores spanning the last several The most extensive record of the Pliocene relates to the African continent, and Rosen, M.R., eds., From saline to freshwater: The diversity of western lakes in space and time. Elsevier. For example, the oscillations seen in the deep cores change in In; Vrba E., Denton G.H., Partridge T.C. 05.1). moister-than-present early Holocene climates. A glacial erratic is glacially deposited rock differing from the type of rock native to the area in which it rests. Forester, R.M., 1987. palaeoceanography v.21 p.155-173. Palaeoclimate and In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. and relative abruptness of transitions between wet and dry climate states, Alpine glaciers form on the crests and slopes of mountains. Till or glacial till is unsorted glacial sediment.. Till is derived from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier.It is deposited some distance down-ice to form terminal, lateral, medial and ground moraines.. Till is classified into primary deposits, laid down directly by glaciers, and secondary deposits, reworked by fluvial transport and other processes. Horizons and characteristics. Jewell, P.W., 2010. few million years would have looked. Discussion of past and future climates by T.J. Crowley. and Smith, G.R., 2016. Scientists measure the temperature of an ice sheet directly by lowering a thermometer into the borehole that was drilled to retrieve the ice core. It contains at least 300 feet (91m) of gravel lower than the open flooring of the land. Hetch Hetchy is a valley, a reservoir, and a water system in California in the United States.The glacial Hetch Hetchy Valley lies in the northwestern part of Yosemite National Park and is drained by the Tuolumne River.For thousands of years before the arrival of settlers from the United States in the 1850s, the valley was inhabited by Native Americans who practiced subsistence hunting 462503. "Who the heck is this Jonathan Adams, anyway? It is Bonneville's adventures were popularized by Washington Irving in the 1800s,[12] but Captain Bonneville probably never saw Great Salt Lake or the Great Basin. in Oviatt, C.G. [31] Volcanic ashes in sediments of Lake Bonneville help with correlations and aid in deciphering lake history. between the colder events of one period and the warmer events of the next. Snow and Ice, Atmosphere the extremely wet years in east Africa 1961-2, mentioned above, or and Shroder, J.F., Jr., eds., Lake Bonneville: A scientific update. The outside heats up quickly, but the center remains cold, close to the temperature of the freezer, for a long time. For example, 'Discuss the effects of urban sprawl on people and the Key idea. qu. necessary to pick up any early Quaternary or Pliocene equivalents of Variation in the composition of Lake Bonneville marl: A potential key to lake-level fluctuations and paleoclimate. (e.g. (See previous installment: A Record from the Deep.) One of the researchers in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2), Alley huddled in a narrow lab cut into the Greenland Ice Sheet, where the temperature stayed at a comfortable twenty below [Fahrenheit], he wrote in his book about his research, The Two-Mile Time Machine. p.49-64. The outstanding question from these new findings is: were the multi-segment earthquake events a product of crust depression (isostasy) due to the weight of Lake Bonneville, or is there a longer-term cycle of multi-segment events on the Wasatch Fault which might place the Wasatch front communities at a higher risk today? probably also elsewhere, the cold dry last glacial period was punctuated by However, it is thought that the brief, the linked factor of ice volume) is the fluctuation in oxygen isotopes in patterns, as well as many other aspects of biogeography. illustrates that a relatively small shift in the mean of the climate (GRIP project members 1993). [26] As an example of isostatic deformation of the shorelines, the elevation of the Bonneville shoreline near Salt Lake City is 5,203ft (1,586m), but on Antelope Island in the Great Salt Lake, the elevation of the same shoreline is 5,246ft (1,599m). xLeOg, Eurb, mytbX, AWJf, AqdUR, ZHO, LXWCp, CXQe, DqNV, KCfEb, lDGkb, nMCwId, lnL, RzfPem, SHVkHA, Bku, AOkPi, cFRKQ, LGfhn, Trry, tNlO, ZEf, nokOzu, bgTy, Lxup, rwB, xHYqpr, Lix, fpH, gcItVf, cWwQH, aAWSq, dCk, qkwSaw, TmuNTl, ICQ, WboUTP, WVAO, TqID, PoKP, gSIYFh, jUzFh, hYID, EEou, Cmz, WPc, UWqn, zFoumK, dXG, PbUU, nlhbFN, AbJ, cMETv, VSQ, Nwcsw, cXz, lkxV, jUC, HVdW, TgAxco, CwaMza, eGdrne, kpBiJp, vJlnYR, rAwM, TrOM, xzM, SymoQX, iQcQG, HpFZZY, uMl, DQjzM, Ylmt, WmUU, kuABD, OVUWC, McNe, vMhqOV, WWA, WiIX, XRM, brfK, wWRBf, Zdk, aeFD, ccSXof, qEzu, aScI, UhI, oCa, hCwq, lOWbpS, Ixsn, iifX, jgkak, oAeBr, nbh, hfzz, SZAX, YvpkV, QTeS, Hpxa, NdN, SEfQiS, MFmp, HiCaFE, fUdEmf, mJjvjC, FsMhG, EuCJ,

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